The increased use of pyrethroid insecticides raises concern for exposure to non-target aquatic species, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid, is frequently detected in surface waters and sediments at concentrations that exceed levels that induce toxicity to several invertebrate and salmonid species. To better understand the effects of cypermethrin to salmonids following dietary exposure, juvenile Chinook salmon were dietarily exposed to a 0, 200, or 2000 ng/g cypermethrin diet for a duration of 7, 14, or 21 days and assessed for body burden residues, swimming performance, lipid content, and lipid homeostatic gene expression. The average cypermethrin concentrations in fish dietarily exposed to cypermethrin for 21 days were 155.4 and 952.1 ng cypermethrin/g lipid for the 200 and 2000 ng/g pellet treatments, respectively. Increased trends of fatty acid synthase (fasn, r² = 0.10, p < 0.05) and ATP citrate lyase (acly, r² = 0.21, p < 0.001) mRNA expression were found in the fish livers relative to increasing cypermethrin body burden residues, though no significant changes in the mRNA expression of farnesoid X receptor or liver X receptor were observed. Furthermore, Chinook salmon dietarily exposed to cypermethrin did not have a significantly altered burst swimming performance (U_max). These results support studies that have suggested U_max may not be a sensitive endpoint when assessing the effects of certain pesticide classes, such as pyrethroids, but that dysregulation of fasn and acly expression may alter lipid homeostasis and energy metabolism in the liver of fish dietarily exposed to cypermethrin.

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的使用增加，引起了人们对非目标水生生物如奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）的关注。）。氯氰菊酯是一种II类拟除虫菊酯，经常在地表水和沉积物中检测到，其浓度超过对几种无脊椎动物和鲑科动物产生毒性的水平。为了更好地了解氯氰菊酯在饮食中对鲑鱼的影响，将奇努克鲑鱼在饮食中分别暴露于0、200或2000 ng / g氯氰菊酯饮食7天，14天或21天，并评估其身体残留量，游泳性能，脂质含量和脂质体内稳态基因表达。对于200 ng / g和2000 ng / g的颗粒处理，膳食中摄入氯氰菊酯21天的鱼的平均氯氰菊酯浓度分别为155.4和952.1 ng氯氰菊酯/ g脂质。脂肪酸合酶趋势增加（fasn，r ²  = 0.10，p 相对于增加的氯氰菊酯残留量，鱼肝中发现 <0.05）和ATP柠檬酸裂合酶（acly，r ²  = 0.21，p <0.001）mRNA表达，尽管法呢类X受体或肝脏X的mRNA表达没有明显变化。观察到受体。此外，饮食中暴露于氯氰菊酯的奇努克鲑鱼的突泳性能没有显着改变（U _max）。这些结果支持了一些研究，这些研究表明，在评估某些农药类别（如拟除虫菊酯）的影响时，U _max可能不是一个敏感的终点，但是fasn和acly的失调 表达可能会改变经氯氰菊酯饮食的鱼肝中脂质的稳态和能量代谢。