Plyometric training is an important part of athletic conditioning with many significant benefits, including improved motor abilities and performance, but it can also increase the serum indices of muscle damage, collagen breakdown, muscle swelling, and soreness. Due to the physical characteristics of water, plyometric training in water presents less eccentric contraction, facilitates faster transition from the eccentric to concentric phase of a jump and offers greater resistance during concentric contraction with acute lower indices of muscle damage. To advance our understanding of the long-term effects of an eight-week plyometric training programme on land and in water on muscle damage indicators (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and serum urea (SU)), two experimental groups of physically active men (a group on land (EG1) and a group in water (EG2)) were tested before and after the first and the last plyometric training to monitor muscle damage indicators and adaptations. The results showed changes in CK activity after both plyometric trainings for EG1 and only after the first training for EG2. Moreover, after the eight- week programme, significant difference was observed in CK activity in comparison with EG2. There were no observed changes in LDH activity while SU showed greater changes for the group on land. The plyometric training programme in water resulted in smaller levels of muscle damage indicators. Although both experimental groups conducted the same plyometric training with the same jump volume, the eccentric and concentric loads were not the same, so it can be concluded that adaptations in muscle damage processes are faster with smaller eccentric loads.

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陆上和水上运动训练课程后的肌肉损伤指标

体能训练是运动调节的重要组成部分，具有许多显着的好处，包括改善运动能力和表现，但它也可以增加血清肌肉损伤，胶原蛋白分解，肌肉肿胀和酸痛的指数。由于水的物理特性，在水中进行体力训练时，偏心收缩较少，有助于从跳跃的偏心阶段更快过渡到同心阶段，并在同心收缩期间提供更大的阻力，而对肌肉的损害则较低。为了加深我们对在陆地和水中进行为期八周的体能训练计划对肌肉损伤指标（乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），肌酸激酶（CK）和血清尿素（SU））的长期影响的了解，在第一次和最后一次体能训练之前和之后，测试了两个体育锻炼男人的实验组（一组陆地（EG1）和一组水中（EG2）），以监测肌肉损伤指标和适应性。结果表明，两次肌电图训练后和仅第一次EG2训练后，CK活性均发生变化。此外，在八周的程序后，与EG2相比，CK活性观察到显着差异。没有观察到LDH活性的变化，而SU显示陆地上组的变化更大。水中的腹肌训练程序导致肌肉损伤指标的水平降低。尽管两个实验组都以相同的跳跃量进行了相同的体能训练，但偏心载荷和同心载荷并不相同，