This article examines nonstandard employment and precariousness in four Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway). Drawing on data from the Labour Force Survey from 1995 to 2015, the article investigates and compares recent developments of nonstandard employment in the countries and analyzes whether fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work, marginal part-time work and solo self-employment have precarious elements (measured as income or job insecurity). We conclude that nonstandard employment has remained rather stable in all four countries over time. However, although nonstandard employment seems to be largely integrated in the Nordic labor markets, it still entails precarious elements in certain countries in particular. Norway and Denmark stand out as having less insecure labor markets, while Finland and Sweden have more precariousness associated with nonstandard employment. We argue that these differences are explained by differences in the institutional contexts in the countries.

中文翻译：

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北欧非正规就业–走向不稳定的工作？

本文研究了四个北欧国家（丹麦，瑞典，芬兰和挪威）的非正规就业和不稳定状况。本文利用1995年至2015年劳动力调查的数据，对这些国家的非标准就业的最新发展进行了调查和比较，并分析了定期合同，临时代理工作，边际兼职工作和个人自雇是否不稳定要素（以收入或工作不安全感衡量）。我们得出的结论是，随着时间的推移，这四个国家的非正规就业一直保持相当稳定。但是，尽管非标准就业似乎已基本融入北欧劳动力市场，但在某些国家，它仍然需要不稳定的因素。挪威和丹麦因缺乏不安全的劳动力市场而脱颖而出，而芬兰和瑞典则因非正规就业而更加不稳定。我们认为，这些差异可以通过各国制度背景的差异来解释。