The ongoing digitalization of manufacturing work processes resulting from Industry 4.0— defined as digitalization, automation, and data exchange in manufacturing—challenges how we see and define the role of operators and managers. Consequently, this study investigates the extent to which digital tools are used and available to managers and operators in manufacturing who are experiencing digitalization due to Industry 4.0 movements. A cross-sectional study of production managers and operators (n = 417) was conducted among 10 Norwegian manufacturing companies. Results from independent t-tests and Chi-square tests indicate that, compared with operators, production managers report higher satisfaction with different digitalization experiences, more extensive use of digital systems for registration and documentation, and greater availability of digital tools. Thus, digitalization and digital tools based on the Industry 4.0 concepts seem to have only reached the managerial level, and the revolution seems to be

中文翻译：

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工业4.0：谁的革命？制造工作流程的数字化

工业4.0导致的制造工作流程的持续数字化（定义为制造中的数字化，自动化和数据交换）挑战了我们如何看待和定义操作员和管理者的角色。因此，本研究调查了由于工业4.0运动而正在经历数字化的制造业中的管理人员和经营者使用和使用数字工具的程度。在10家挪威制造公司中进行了生产经理和操作员（n = 417）的横断面研究。独立的t检验和卡方检验的结果表明，与运营商相比，生产经理对不同的数字化经验表示出更高的满意度，更广泛地使用数字系统进行注册和记录，以及数字工具的更高可用性。因此，基于工业4.0概念的数字化和数字工具似乎只达到了管理水平，革命似乎是