In recent years, we have seen a growing body of literature with a strong focus on labour market inequalities. In the Anglo-Saxon literature, concepts such as the working poor and bad jobs have been applied to jobs in, for example, the US to describe jobs with low pay and inferior working conditions (Kalleberg 2011; Klein & Rones 1989). In the UK and other parts of Europe, the concept of the precariat is often used to capture the employment situations characterized by fragmented and insecure employment and low income (Standing 2011). Also in Germany, the discussion on labour market inequalities has been revitalised. The emergence of mini jobs and various forms of bogus self-employment (Scheinselbstandige), etc. have gained momentum in the political and academic debates as part of a larger trend of labour market dualization in line with some of the early works on labour market segmentation (Brady & Biegert 2017) (...)

中文翻译：

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北欧的不稳定工作

近年来，我们看到越来越多的文学作品集中在劳动力市场的不平等问题上。在盎格鲁-撒克逊人的文献中，诸如在美国工作的穷人和坏工作之类的概念已被用于描述低薪和低等工作条件的工作（Kalleberg 2011； Klein＆Rones 1989）。在英国和欧洲其他地区，前鞭打概念经常被用来捕捉以零散，不安全的就业和低收入为特征的就业情况（Standing 2011）。同样在德国，关于劳动力市场不平等的讨论也重新活跃起来。迷你工作的出现和各种形式的伪自营职业（Scheinselbstandige）等。