Apart from the evident attributes and tendencies of digital media that justify the social and politico-economic criticism of understanding their structure and relevant mechanisms, under certain circumstances they indeed show traits of effective online mobilisation for (sub)political participation. Two case studies are given to demonstrate the mobilisation potential within digital media in the context of ethnic identity-related (sub)political engagement, and to juxtapose such qualities with other patterns conditioned by large-scale politico-economic and international power-related structures and agendas. Such findings that confirm the understanding of digital media as platforms and applications for organic and uncompromised online participation and networking can support reclaiming digital media’s optimist aspirations to be a public sphere. Herein a via media is proposed between digital optimism and digital pessimism in support of earlier nuanced approaches to the social functions of digital media, which indeed correctly recognised the limits of online environment as a hypothetical public sphere, thus can be referred to as digital realist.

中文翻译：

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数字现实主义：从与种族身份相关的在线行动主义的角度理解数字媒体社会功能的辩证法

除了数字媒体的明显属性和趋势证明社会和政治经济学批评理解其结构和相关机制是合理的，在某些情况下，它们确实表现出有效的在线动员（亚）政治参与的特征。进行了两个案例研究，以证明在与族裔身份相关的（次）政治参与的背景下，数字媒体中的动员潜力，并将这种素质与由大规模政治经济和国际权力相关结构以及议程。这些发现证实了对数字媒体作为有机和毫不妥协的在线参与和网络平台和应用程序的理解，可以支持将数字媒体的乐观主义者渴望成为公共领域。