Background: Although the Internet boosts business profitability, without certain activities like efficient transportation, scheduling, products ordered via the Internet may reach their destination very late. The environmental problems (vehicle part disposal, carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen oxide [NOx] and hydrocarbons [HC]) associated with transportation are mostly not accounted for by industries. Objectives: The main objective of this article is to minimising negative externalities cost in e-commerce environments. Method: The 0-1 mixed integer linear programming (0-1 MILP) model was used to model the problem statement. The result was further analysed using the externality percentage impact factor (EPIF). Results: The simulation results suggest that (1) The mode of ordering refined petroleum products does not impact on the cost of distribution, (2) an increase in private cost is directly proportional to the externality cost, (3) externality cost is largely controlled by the government and number of vehicles used in the distribution and this is in no way influenced by the mode of request (i.e. Internet or otherwise) and (4) externality cost may be reduce by using more ecofriendly fuel system.

中文翻译：

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在电子商务环境中使用0-1混合整数线性规划模型最小化负外部性成本

背景：尽管Internet提高了业务获利能力，但是如果没有某些活动（例如高效的运输，调度），通过Internet订购的产品可能很晚才到达目的地。与运输相关的环境问题（车辆零件处置，一氧化碳[CO]，氮氧化物[NOx]和碳氢化合物[HC]）大多无法由工业解决。目标：本文的主要目的是使电子商务环境中的负外部性成本最小化。方法：使用0-1混合整数线性规划（0-1 MILP）模型对问题陈述进行建模。使用外部性百分比影响因子（EPIF）进一步分析了结果。结果：仿真结果表明：（1）精炼石油产品的订购方式不影响分销成本；