The article presents the state of applied anthropology in Europe, in particular focusing on the application of anthropological knowledge and skills within the private sector. Firstly, the text depicts the historical context, which has had a strong and often negative impact on the developments in contemporary applied anthropology and specifically on applying anthropology in for-profit endeavours. It then provides an overview of this type of applied anthropology in Europe by identifying its main institutions and individuals. Building on this analysis, the article elaborates on extant challenges for its future development, and outlines the most promising solutions. The authors conclude that it is of crucial importance for European anthropology to make the transition ‘from words to actions’, especially in the areas not traditionally addressed by anthropologists, such as business and design anthropology or consultancy work in the private sector. While the discipline has a longer applied history in areas such as development, human rights and multiculturalism, few anthropologists have played significant roles in the efforts usually associated with the private sector. It is argued that anthropology should – also outside the non-profit and non-governmental sectors – shift from being a descriptive, hermeneutical and interpretative branch of social sciences describing and explaining the past or commenting on the present, to an applied discipline intervening in shaping the future.

中文翻译：

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欧洲应用人类学：历史障碍，当前形势，未来挑战

本文介绍了欧洲应用人类学的现状，尤其着重于私营部门中人类学知识和技能的应用。首先，本文描述了历史背景，它对当代应用人类学的发展，特别是对将人类学应用于营利性事业的发展，产生了强烈而往往是负面的影响。然后，通过确定其主要机构和个人，概述了欧洲的这类应用人类学。在此分析的基础上，本文详细阐述了其未来发展面临的挑战，并概述了最有希望的解决方案。作者得出结论，欧洲人类学实现“从语言到行动”的转变至关重要，特别是在人类学家传统上无法解决的领域，例如商业和设计人类学或私营部门的咨询工作。尽管该学科在发展，人权和多元文化主义等领域具有较长的应用历史，但很少有人类学家在通常与私营部门有关的工作中发挥重要作用。有人认为，人类学应该-也在非营利和非政府部门之外-从社会科学的描述性，诠释性和解释性分支转变为描述和解释过去或对当前进行评论的应用学科未来。尽管该学科在发展，人权和多元文化主义等领域具有较长的应用历史，但很少有人类学家在通常与私营部门有关的努力中发挥重要作用。有人认为，人类学应该-也在非营利和非政府部门之外-从社会科学的描述性，诠释性和解释性分支转变为描述和解释过去或对当前进行评论的应用学科未来。尽管该学科在发展，人权和多元文化主义等领域具有较长的应用历史，但很少有人类学家在通常与私营部门有关的努力中发挥重要作用。有人认为，人类学应该-也在非营利和非政府部门之外-从社会科学的描述性，诠释性和解释性分支转变为描述和解释过去或对当前进行评论的应用学科未来。