This article investigates the L1 acquisition of different types of direct objects in European Portuguese (EP). Previous research has revealed that although children have early syntactic and pragmatic knowledge of objects across languages, the adequate use of pronouns and null objects is protracted in the acquisition of EP (Costa et al. 2012). The present study shows that children acquiring the distribution of direct objects are aware of universal pragmatic hierarchies but struggle with the interpretation and feature bundles of null objects. Assuming that arguments are linked to left-peripheral C/edge linkers (Sigurðsson 2011), we argue that children need more time to discover the adult-like feature composition of null objects in EP because they involve phi-silent features. Relative accessibility (Ariel 1991) is universal and available early, whereas the absolute accessibility of null objects, i.e. their feature content, is acquired relatively late.

中文翻译：

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在欧洲葡萄牙语中获取直接和明显的直接对象的分布

本文研究了欧洲葡萄牙语（EP）中不同类型的直接对象的L1采集。先前的研究表明，尽管儿童对跨语言的对象有较早的句法和语用知识，但在获得EP方面却长期使用代词和空对象（Costa等人，2012）。本研究表明，获得直接对象分布的儿童意识到普遍的语用等级，但是却难以理解和解释空对象的特征。假定参数与左外围C / edge链接器链接（Sigurðsson，2011年），我们认为儿童需要更多时间来发现EP中空对象的类似成人的特征组成，因为它们涉及phi沉默特征。相对可及性（Ariel 1991）是普遍的，并且很早就可以使用，