Background: the study of physical self-perception is fundamental to understand how children perceive their movement skills, identify their level of perception of physical self-efficacy as well as their opinion on their motor skills. It can provide useful key information to give appropriate feedback and to plan some programmes aimed to develop fundamental movement skills. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived competences and physical self-efficacy in a sample of young, sedentary subjects and athletes, through a fact-finding survey. The core of the investigation was to verify whether there were substantial differences between subjects who practice sports at a competitive way and in sedentary one. Methods: The study was carried out from 100 young people aged between 8 and 14 years. 75 athletes (38 F 38 M) were recruited in three small sport associations the same district in southern Italy and 25 students who do not participate organized sports (13 F, 12 M), were recruited in a secondary school in the same district. Written consent was obtained in through a formal letter to parents explaining the study's goals, procedures, and methods. The selection of the investigation tools ware carried out by identifying two tests validated in the literature. Two tests were used: the Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood (PMC-C) (Dreiskaemper, 2018) and the Self-efficacy scale (Colella, 2008). The data were analysed by SPSS statistical software. The two observations were analysed separately; for each item and groups (sedentary subjects, swimmers, soccer players and gymnasts), were calculated mean value, standard deviation and level of significance. These values have been highlighted in the descriptive tables and in the histogram graphs. The differences between gender and between groups (sedentary subjects and athletes) have been calculated with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: the data shows significant differences in both tests highlighting a strong relationship between sport activity and self-related aspects. The comparison of means between sedentary subjects and athletes confirms a significant difference between the two groups with p < .01 both in Self-Efficacy Test and Perception of Motor Competence test.

中文翻译：

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儿童感知运动能力和自我效能感：竞技运动与久坐的生活方式

背景：身体自我感知的研究对于了解儿童如何感知他们的运动技能、确定他们对身体自我效能感的感知水平以及他们对运动技能的看法至关重要。它可以提供有用的关键信息，以提供适当的反馈并计划一些旨在发展基本运动技能的计划。目的：本研究的目的是通过实况调查研究年轻、久坐的受试者和运动员样本的感知能力和身体自我效能感。调查的核心是验证以竞技方式和久坐方式进行运动的受试者之间是否存在实质性差异。方法：该研究对 100 名 8 至 14 岁的年轻人进行。在意大利南部同区的三个小型体育协会招募了75名运动员（38 F 38 M），在同区的一所中学招募了25名不参加有组织运动的学生（13 F，12 M）。书面同意是通过给家长的一封正式信函获得的，其中解释了研究的目标、程序和方法。调查工具的选择是通过确定文献中验证的两个测试来进行的。使用了两个测试：童年感知运动能力问卷 (PMC-C)（Dreiskaemper，2018 年）和自我效能量表（Colella，2008 年）。数据采用SPSS统计软件进行分析。分别分析了这两个观察结果；对于每个项目和组（久坐的受试者、游泳者、足球运动员和体操运动员），计算平均值，标准差和显着性水平。这些值已在描述表和直方图中突出显示。性别和群体（久坐的受试者和运动员）之间的差异已通过 Mann-Whitney 检验计算得出。结果：数据显示两项测试的显着差异突出了体育活动与自我相关方面之间的密切关系。久坐受试者和运动员之间的平均值比较证实了两组之间的显着差异，在自我效能测试和运动能力感知测试中 p < .01。性别和群体（久坐的受试者和运动员）之间的差异已通过 Mann-Whitney 检验计算得出。结果：数据显示两项测试的显着差异突出了体育活动与自我相关方面之间的密切关系。久坐受试者和运动员之间的平均值比较证实了两组之间的显着差异，在自我效能测试和运动能力感知测试中 p < .01。性别和群体（久坐的受试者和运动员）之间的差异已通过 Mann-Whitney 检验计算得出。结果：数据显示两项测试的显着差异突出了体育活动与自我相关方面之间的密切关系。久坐受试者和运动员之间的平均值比较证实了两组之间的显着差异，在自我效能测试和运动能力感知测试中 p < .01。