Background. Sleep is assumed to be a critical factor for human physiological and cognitive function. Lack of sleep is a common condition in daily life. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 24-hour sleep deprivation on cognitive and motor skills in university students. Methods. The participants were volunteers that consisted of 290 male students aged 19-25 years. After primary screening, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups of cognitive tests and motor task test. Cognitive tests were included the reaction time (simple and choice), the working memory test (1-back & 2-back task) and attention (selective and divided). In the motor group, the subjects were divided into four experimental groups including (physical, observational, mental and combined training) and four paired control groups who were exposed to badminton short service training. The experimental groups were trained with 24-h sleep deprivation and the control group was trained without sleep deprivation. In the acquisition stage, each subject was trained using his routine training method. After training, the subjects were followed a normal day-night sleep pattern. At 24, 72 and 168 h after acquisition, a short-service retention test was taken from participants. Results. The results of cognitive tests showed that sleep deprivation had no effect on reaction time, working memory (1-back) and selective attention, but it had a major effect on working memory (2-back) and divided attention (p=0.02). The results of motor test showed that sleep deprivation did not have an effect on acquisition and retention in both physical and combined groups. (p>0.05).Sleep deprivation did not have an effect on the skill acquisition in the observation group (p>0.05); however, in the retention tests, the control group significantly showed a better performance. Skill acquisition in the mental training group was significantly affected by sleep deprivation and this effect was obvious in the retention tests (p=0.0001). Conclusion. The results showed that, under conditions of sleep deprivation, some cognitive functions (working memory 2-back test & divided attention) were affected and that physical and combined training were preferred at the time of training to acquire new motor skills.

中文翻译：

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24小时睡眠剥夺对男大学生认知和运动技能的影响

背景。睡眠被认为是人类生理和认知功能的关键因素。睡眠不足是日常生活中的常见情况。目标。这项研究的目的是评估24小时睡眠剥夺对大学生认知和运动技能的影响。方法。参与者是志愿者，由290名年龄在19-25岁之间的男学生组成。初步筛选后，将受试者随机分为认知测试和运动任务测试两组。认知测试包括反应时间（简单和选择），工作记忆测试（1向和2向任务）和注意力（选择性和划分）。在运动组中，将受试者分为四个实验组，包括（物理，观察，心理和综合训练）和四个成对的对照组，分别接受羽毛球短时训练。实验组接受24小时睡眠剥夺训练，对照组接受无睡眠剥夺训练。在习得阶段，每个受试者都使用他的常规训练方法进行训练。训练后，受试者遵循正常的昼夜睡眠模式。在获取后的24、72和168小时，从参与者那里进行了短期保留测试。结果。认知测试的结果表明，睡眠剥夺对反应时间，工作记忆（1-后背）和选择性注意没有影响，但对工作记忆（2-后背）和注意力分散有重要影响（p = 0.02）。运动测试的结果表明，睡眠剥夺对物理组和联合组的采集和保持均无影响。（p> 0.05）。睡眠剥夺对观察组的技能获得没有影响（p> 0.05）；但是，在保留测试中，对照组的表现明显更好。心理训练组的技能获得受睡眠剥夺的影响很大，而这种影响在保持力测试中很明显（p = 0.0001）。结论。结果表明，在睡眠剥夺的情况下，一些认知功能（工作记忆2向后测试和注意力分散）受到影响，并且在训练时应进行体育锻炼和综合训练以获取新的运动技能。睡眠剥夺对观察组的技能获得没有影响（p> 0.05）；但是，在保留测试中，对照组的表现明显更好。心理训练组的技能获得受睡眠剥夺的影响很大，而这种影响在保持力测试中很明显（p = 0.0001）。结论。结果表明，在睡眠剥夺的情况下，一些认知功能（工作记忆2向后测试和注意力分散）受到影响，并且在训练时应进行体育锻炼和综合训练以获取新的运动技能。睡眠剥夺对观察组的技能获得没有影响（p> 0.05）；但是，在保留测试中，对照组的表现明显更好。心理训练组的技能获得受睡眠剥夺的影响很大，而这种影响在保持力测试中很明显（p = 0.0001）。结论。结果表明，在睡眠剥夺的情况下，一些认知功能（工作记忆2向后测试和注意力分散）受到影响，并且在训练时应进行体育锻炼和综合训练以获取新的运动技能。心理训练组的技能获得受睡眠剥夺的影响很大，而这种影响在保持力测试中很明显（p = 0.0001）。结论。结果表明，在睡眠剥夺的情况下，一些认知功能（工作记忆2向后测试和注意力分散）受到影响，并且在训练时应进行体育锻炼和综合训练以获取新的运动技能。心理训练组的技能获得受睡眠剥夺的影响很大，而这种影响在保持力测试中很明显（p = 0.0001）。结论。结果表明，在睡眠剥夺的情况下，一些认知功能（工作记忆2向后测试和注意力分散）受到影响，并且在训练时应进行体育锻炼和综合训练以获取新的运动技能。