Background. Soccer, combat sports and motorcycling have all been classified as mixed in terms of their metabolism predominance thus showing a common multifaceted nature of physical requirements, which include aerobic capacity, strength, endurance, power and agility. Objectives. The aim of the current study was to compare allelic and genotype frequencies of four well-known polymorphisms among athletes from different mixed sport disciplines in order to investigate genetic markers suitable for distinguishing the predominant components of these sports. Methods. Genotyping for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X, muscle‐specific creatine kinase (CK-MM) A/G and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) G/C polymorphisms among 113 professional athletes from motorcycling, soccer and combat sports was performed by PCRRFLP method. Results. We found that the G allele of the PPARα polymorphism was significantly (p<0.05) more frequent in soccer players than in combat sport athletes or motorcycle riders. In addition, we observed that the genotype frequency of AA of CK-MM (rs8111989) polymorphism in soccer players was significantly (p<0.05) higher than combat athletes. On the contrary, both ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms do not enable to distinguish between these disciplines. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the PPARα polymorphism may be suitable as potential distinguish genetic marker among mixed sport disciplines.

中文翻译：

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遗传变异和混合运动学科：足球，战斗和摩托车运动员之间的比较

背景。足球，格斗运动和摩托车在其新陈代谢优势方面均被分类为混合运动，因此显示出身体需求的多面性，包括有氧运动能力，力量，耐力，力量和敏捷性。目标。本研究的目的是比较来自不同混合运动学科的运动员中四种众所周知的多态性的等位基因和基因型频率，以便研究适合于区分这些运动主要成分的遗传标记。方法。血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）插入/缺失（I / D），α-actinin-3（ACTN3）R577X，肌肉特异性肌酸激酶（CK-MM）A / G和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（ PPARα）G / C多态性在113名来自摩托车的职业运动员中，足球和格斗运动采用PCRRFLP方法进行。结果。我们发现，在足球运动员中，PPARα多态性的G等位基因的频率显着高于（p <0.05），而在战斗运动运动员或摩托车骑士中则更为明显。此外，我们观察到足球运动员CK-MM（rs8111989）多态性的AA基因型频率显着（p <0.05）比格斗运动员高。相反，ACE I / D和ACTN3 R577X多态性无法区分这些规则。结论。我们的发现表明，PPARα多态性可能适合作为混合运动学科之间潜在的遗传标记。05）在足球运动员中比在竞技运动运动员或摩托车骑士中更为频繁。此外，我们观察到足球运动员CK-MM（rs8111989）多态性的AA基因型频率显着（p <0.05）比格斗运动员高。相反，ACE I / D和ACTN3 R577X多态性无法区分这些规则。结论。我们的发现表明，PPARα多态性可能适合作为混合运动学科之间潜在的遗传标记。05）在足球运动员中比在格斗运动运动员或摩托车骑士中更为频繁。此外，我们观察到足球运动员CK-MM（rs8111989）多态性的AA基因型频率显着（p <0.05）比格斗运动员高。相反，ACE I / D和ACTN3 R577X多态性无法区分这些规则。结论。我们的发现表明，PPARα多态性可能适合作为混合运动学科之间潜在的遗传标记。