Background. Sport spectators are an essential part of the professional sport landscape. Spectators are important economically, because they generate revenue through ticket and concession sales, and provide ambience for broadcast televisions. Problematically, spectators’ attendance is declining in many professional leagues throughout the world. Objectives. The current study aimed at identifying factors affecting spectators’ attendance in the Iranian Football League. Methods. Initial data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, with expertise in the Iranian Football League. Using Q Methodology, 50 Q-expressions were sorted by the participants. Then, Q-factor analysis was performed. Results. The study identified seven broad factors: 1) Lack of desirable access and transportation services to/from the stadiums; 2) Defective implementation of strategic plans in federations and clubs; 3) The impact of low-quality plays and the superiority of TV services to stadium ones; 4) Inappropriate services in stadiums; 5) Inappropriate stadium atmosphere; 6) Economic problems of spectators; and, 7) Paying more attention to margins by media from the viewpoint of critics. Conclusions. Football officials can increase the number of spectators in stadiums by systematically removing these damages from the Iranian football body, which may solve many other problems as well.

中文翻译：

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逃跑的观众：影响伊朗足球比赛足球出勤的因素

背景。体育观众是职业体育界的重要组成部分。观众在经济上很重要，因为他们通过门票和特许销售产生收入，并为广播电视提供氛围。问题是，全世界许多职业联赛中观众的出勤率正在下降。目标。当前的研究旨在确定影响观众参加伊朗足球联赛的因素。方法。最初的数据是通过对20名参与者进行半结构化采访而收集的，这些参与者具有伊朗足球联赛的专业知识。使用Q方法论，参与者对50个Q表达式进行了排序。然后，进行Q因子分析。结果。该研究确定了七个主要因素：1）缺乏往/返体育场的理想访问和运输服务；2）联盟和俱乐部的战略计划执行不力；3）劣质戏剧的影响以及电视服务相对于体育场馆的优势；4）体育场馆服务不当；5）球场气氛不当；6）观众的经济问题；7）从批评家的角度出发，更多地关注媒体的空白。结论。足球官员可以通过系统地消除伊朗足球机构的这些损害来增加体育场内观众的人数，这也可能解决许多其他问题。7）从批评家的角度，更多地关注媒体的空白。结论。足球官员可以通过系统地消除伊朗足球机构的这些损害来增加体育场内观众的人数，这也可能解决许多其他问题。7）从批评家的角度，更多地关注媒体的空白。结论。足球官员可以通过系统地消除伊朗足球机构的这些损害来增加体育场内观众的人数，这也可能解决许多其他问题。