This conceptual paper addresses the issues of transparency as linked to artificial intelligence (AI) from socio-legal and computer scientific perspectives. Firstly, we discuss the conceptual distinction between transparency in AI and algorithmic transparency, and argue for the wider concept ‘in AI’, as a partly contested albeit useful notion in relation to transparency. Secondly, we show that transparency as a general concept is multifaceted, and of widespread theoretical use in multiple disciplines over time, particularly since the 1990s. Still, it has had a resurgence in contemporary notions of AI governance, such as in the multitude of recently published ethics guidelines on AI. Thirdly, we discuss and show the relevance of the fact that transparency expresses a conceptual metaphor of more general significance, linked to knowing, bringing positive connotations that may have normative effects to regulatory debates. Finally, we draw a possible categorisation of aspects related to transparency in AI, or what we interchangeably call AI transparency, and argue for the need of developing a multidisciplinary understanding, in order to contribute to the governance of AI as applied on markets and in society. (Less)

中文翻译：

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人工智能的透明度

该概念文件从社会法律和计算机科学的角度解决了与人工智能（AI）相关的透明度问题。首先，我们讨论了AI透明性和算法透明性之间的概念区别，并主张“在AI中”更广泛的概念，尽管它与透明性有关，但作为有用的概念在一定程度上引起了争议。其次，我们表明，透明度作为一个总的概念是多方面的，并且随着时间的推移，尤其是自1990年代以来，它在多个学科中得到了广泛的理论应用。尽管如此，它在当代的AI治理概念中也重新兴起，例如在最近发布的有关AI的伦理准则中。第三，我们讨论并表明以下事实的相关性：透明度表示具有更普遍意义的概念隐喻，与知识相关，为监管辩论带来可能具有规范性影响的积极含义。最后，我们对与AI透明性相关的方面进行了可能的分类，或者我们可以互换使用的AI透明性，并争辩了需要发展多学科的理解，以便为应用于市场和社会的AI治理做出贡献。（减）