The research presented in this article is based on a four-year place-based qualitative case study of Aboriginal success in addressing Aboriginal disadvantage in the Australian city of Newcastle. The article presents extracts from in-depth interviews with Aboriginal people working on a day-to-day basis with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people experiencing disadvantage in this city. Interviewees define Indigenous disadvantage in a way that differs considerably from how it is defined in mainstream policy circles. They describe Indigenous disadvantage as being grounded in the histories of social exclusion from Australian society, rather than merely a contemporary phenomenon related socio-economic factors (i.e., lack of educational and employment opportunities). They indicated that it was (a) closely tied to Aboriginal experiences of displacement and trauma; (b) not just a material problem but a historical and social structural problem; and (c) unique to each community. For instance, urban Indigenous disadvantage is distinct from Indigenous disadvantage in remote areas. This supports the claims of Indigenous sociologist Maggie Walter (2009). In doing so, the article more strongly aligns with a critique of a neo-liberal racial project, which defines Indigenous disadvantage within an individualistic framework of individual rights and in terms of socio-economic gaps, from the voices of Aboriginal representatives.

中文翻译：

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成功地弥合了社会经济鸿沟，但还有很长的路要走：澳大利亚纽卡斯尔市的城市原住民劣势，创伤和种族主义

本文提供的研究基于四年来基于地点的定性案例研究，该案例研究了土著居民在解决澳大利亚纽卡斯尔市土著居民劣势方面取得的成功。文章摘录了与在该城市处于劣势的原住民和/或托雷斯海峡岛民的日常工作进行的深度访谈。受访者对土著人的不利定义与主流政策圈子中的定义有很大不同。他们将土著人的不利条件归因于澳大利亚社会排斥社会的历史，而不仅仅是与社会经济因素有关的当代现象（即缺乏教育和就业机会）。他们指出，（a）与流离失所和创伤的原住民经验紧密相关；（b）不仅是实质问题，而且是历史和社会结构问题；（c）每个社区都是唯一的。例如，城市土著居民的不利条件与偏远地区的土著居民的不同。这支持了土著社会学家Maggie Walter（2009）的主张。在这样做的过程中，该文章与新自由主义种族计划的批评更加吻合，该计划从土著代表的声音中定义了在个人权利的个人主义框架内以及在社会经济差距方面的土著劣势。城市土著人的不利条件与偏远地区的土著人不利条件不同。这支持了土著社会学家Maggie Walter（2009）的主张。在这样做的过程中，该文章与新自由主义种族计划的批评更加吻合，该计划从土著代表的声音中定义了在个人权利的个人主义框架内以及在社会经济差距方面的土著劣势。城市土著人的不利条件与偏远地区的土著人不利条件不同。这支持了土著社会学家Maggie Walter（2009）的主张。在这样做的过程中，该文章与新自由主义种族计划的批评更加吻合，该计划从土著代表的声音中定义了在个人权利的个人主义框架内以及在社会经济差距方面的土著劣势。