As computing has become an integral part of our world, demand for teaching computational thinking in K-12 has increased. One of its basic competences is programming, often taught by learning activities without a predefined solution using block-based visual programming languages. Automatic assessment tools can support teachers with their assessment and grading as well as guide students throughout their learning process. Although being already widely used in higher education, it remains unclear if such approaches exist for K-12 computing education. Thus, in order to obtain an overview, we performed a systematic mapping study. We identified 14 approaches, focusing on the analysis of the code created by the students inferring computational thinking competencies related to algorithms and programming. However, an evident lack of consensus on the assessment criteria and instructional feedback indicates the need for further research to support a wide application of computing education in K-12 schools.

中文翻译：

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基于代码分析的K-12教育评估计算思维能力的方法：系统映射研究

随着计算已成为我们世界不可或缺的一部分，在K-12中教授计算思维的需求也在增加。它的基本能力之一是编程，通常是通过学习活动来教授的，而没有使用基于块的可视编程语言的预定义解决方案。自动评估工具可以为教师的评估和评分提供支持，并在整个学习过程中指导学生。尽管已经在高等教育中广泛使用，但仍不清楚是否存在用于K-12计算教育的此类方法。因此，为了获得概述，我们进行了系统的制图研究。我们确定了14种方法，重点是对学生创建的代码进行分析，以推断与算法和编程相关的计算思维能力。然而，