Under the background of severe air pollution and energy shortage, electric vehicles (EVs) are promising vehicles to support green supply chain and clean production. In the world, the renewal of EVs has become a general trend. Therefore, the concern about EVs is a hot issue at present, but EVs have the characteristics of limited driving distance and long charging time. When the EVs are used in logistics transportation, these characteristics have a significant impact on the vehicle routing problems. Therefore, based on the research experience of traditional vehicle routing optimization, combining with the characteristics of EVs, this paper presents an optimal problem of electric vehicle routes with time windows based on two charging methods and it also designs a mathematical model which was caused by early and late arrival as the objective function to minimize the transportation cost, vehicle use cost, power supply cost, and penalty cost. The model is solved using an ant colony algorithm. Finally, the ant colony algorithm is tested and analysed with an example.

中文翻译：

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考虑软时间窗和两种补电方式的电动汽车路径优化

在严重的空气污染和能源短缺的背景下，电动汽车（EV）有望成为支持绿色供应链和清洁生产的汽车。在世界范围内，电动汽车的更新已成为大势所趋。因此，对电动汽车的关注是当前的热点问题，但是电动汽车具有行驶距离有限和充电时间长的特征。当电动汽车用于物流运输时，这些特性对车辆路线问题产生重大影响。因此，基于传统车辆路径优化的研究经验，结合电动汽车的特点，本文基于两种充电方法提出了带有时间窗的电动汽车路线的最优问题，并设计了一个以早到晚引起的数学模型为目标函数，以使运输成本，车辆使用成本，供电成本最小化。以及罚款费用。该模型使用蚁群算法求解。最后，通过一个例子对蚁群算法进行了测试和分析。