This study seeks to provide a broad and thorough review of the literature on the big five traits (BFT) and its major developments through a long history of conceptual and applied studies in many areas that have been conducted on large samples of individuals, groups and countries. The BFT is the most widely accepted and most prominent model to describe the structure of personality traits, so this study sought to identify them in order to achieve a better understanding as well as for consideration by researchers in their future studies. This review focused on the eight key observations related to the BFT. These observations are as follows: meaning of the traits; the history of the BFT model; unity or hierarchy of traits; number of the traits; three perspectives on BFT; BFT questionnaires; BFT and performance; and the need for a sixth trait. The results of the study clearly confirmed that there are problems with universal models that tend to generalize a limited number of dimensions in order to interpret personality across borders and cultures. This generalization of the models is accompanied by the numerous observations and problems mentioned in the above eight points.

中文翻译：

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五大足迹：评论评述

这项研究旨在通过对个人，群体和国家的大量样本进行的许多领域的概念和应用研究的悠久历史，对五种主要特征（BFT）及其主要发展进行广泛而透彻的综述。 。BFT是描述人格特质结构的最广泛接受和最突出的模型，因此本研究试图对其进行识别，以便更好地理解并供研究人员在以后的研究中考虑。这次审查的重点是与BFT相关的八项主要观察。这些观察结果如下：特征的含义；BFT模型的历史；特征的统一性或等级性；特征数量；关于BFT的三种观点；BFT问卷；BFT和性能；以及第六项特质的需求。研究结果清楚地证实，通用模型存在一些问题，这些问题倾向于概括有限的维度，以解释跨界和跨文化的个性。模型的一般化伴随着以上八点中提到的众多观察和问题。