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Ideology and Architecture in the Portuguese ‘Estado Novo’: Cultural Innovation within a Para-Fascist State (1932–1945)
Fascism Pub Date : 2018-10-17 , DOI: 10.1163/22116257-00702002
Rita Almeida de Carvalho

This article challenges the common assumption of the fascist nature of the Portuguese Estado Novo from the thirties to mid-forties, while recognizing the innovative, modernizing dynamic of much of its state architecture. It takes into account the prolix discourse of Oliveira Salazar, the head of government, as well as Duarte Pacheco’s extensive activity as minister of Public Works, and the positions and projects of the architects themselves. It also considers the allegedly peripheral status of architectural elites, and the role played by decision makers, whether politicians or bureaucrats, in the intricate process of architectural renewal. The article shows that a non-radical form of nationalism has always prevailed as a discourse in which to express the unique Portuguese spirit, that of a people that saw itself as transporting Christian morality and faith across the world, a civilizing role that the country continued to fulfil in its overseas colonies. Taking the architectural legacy of the Estado Novo in its complexity leads to the conclusion that, while the dictatorship did not dismiss modernization outright, and though it adopted what could be superficially considered fascist traits, the language of national resurgence disseminated by the Portuguese regime did not express a future-oriented fascist ideology of radical rebirth. The country’s futural orientation would be accomplished by adopting a restrained policy of moderate modernization that lacked the dynamism and utopian ambition of fascism, a conservatism reflected in its architecture.

中文翻译:

葡萄牙“新世界”中的意识形态与建筑:准法西斯主义国家内部的文化创新(1932-1945年)

本文对葡萄牙Estado Novo从30年代到40年代中期的法西斯性质的普遍假设提出了挑战,同时认识到其大多数国家架构具有创新性,现代化的动力。它考虑到了政府首脑奥利维拉·萨拉扎(Oliveira Salazar)的冗长论述以及杜阿尔·帕切科(Duarte Pacheco)作为公共工程部长的广泛活动,以及建筑师本身的职位和项目。它还考虑了所谓的建筑精英的外围地位,以及决策者(无论是政治家还是官僚)在复杂的建筑更新过程中所扮演的角色。该文章表明,一种非激进的民族主义总是作为一种话语来表达独特的葡萄牙精神,认为自己在世界各地传播基督教道德和信仰的民族,是该国继续在其海外殖民地中履行的文明角色。充分利用Estado Novo的建筑遗产得出的结论是,虽然独裁政权并没有完全否定现代化,尽管独裁采用了表面上可以认为是法西斯主义的特征,但葡萄牙政权传播的民族复兴的语言却没有表达彻底复兴的面向未来的法西斯意识形态。该国未来的取向将通过采取适度现代化的克制政策来实现,该政策缺乏法西斯主义的活力和乌托邦野心,法西斯主义反映在其建筑结构中。该国继续在其海外殖民地发挥文明作用。充分利用Estado Novo的建筑遗产得出的结论是,虽然独裁政权并没有完全否定现代化,尽管独裁采用了表面上可以认为是法西斯主义的特征,但葡萄牙政权传播的民族复兴的语言却没有表达彻底复兴的面向未来的法西斯意识形态。该国未来的取向将通过采取适度现代化的克制政策来实现,该政策缺乏法西斯主义的活力和乌托邦野心,法西斯主义反映在其建筑结构中。该国继续在其海外殖民地发挥文明作用。充分利用Estado Novo的建筑遗产得出的结论是,虽然独裁政权并没有完全否定现代化,尽管独裁采用了表面上可以认为是法西斯主义的特征,但葡萄牙政权传播的民族复兴的语言却没有表达彻底复兴的面向未来的法西斯意识形态。该国未来的取向将通过采取适度现代化的克制政策来实现,该政策缺乏法西斯主义的活力和乌托邦野心,法西斯主义反映在其建筑结构中。尽管独裁政权并没有彻底否定现代化,尽管独裁政权采用了表面上可以认为是法西斯主义的特征,但葡萄牙政权传播的民族复兴语言并没有表达面向未来的法西斯主义的彻底复兴思想。该国未来的取向将通过采取适度现代化的克制政策来实现,该政策缺乏法西斯主义的活力和乌托邦野心,法西斯主义反映在其建筑结构中。尽管独裁政权并没有彻底否定现代化,尽管独裁政权采用了表面上可以认为是法西斯主义的特征,但葡萄牙政权传播的民族复兴语言并没有表达面向未来的法西斯主义的彻底复兴思想。该国未来的取向将通过采取适度现代化的克制政策来实现,该政策缺乏动力和乌托邦式的法西斯主义野心,法西斯主义体现在其结构上。
更新日期:2018-10-17
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