This article aims to further problematize the relationship between patterns of demobilization, fascism and veterans’ activism, on several inter-related counts. We argue that the relationship between fascism and war veterans was not a fixed nexus, but the outcome of a complex political constellation of socio-economic and political factors that necessitates a case-by-case in-depth discussion. Also, we argue that these factors were both national and transnational in nature. Finally, we contend that researchers need to employ a synchronic as well as a diachronic perspective, thus accounting for various stages and forms of mobilization of war veterans over time. To substantiate these claims, the current article focuses on a relevant but largely neglected case study: the demobilization of soldiers and war veterans’ political activism in interwar Romania. It is argued that, contrary to assumptions in historiography, demobilization in Romania was initially successful. Veterans’ mobilization to fascism intensified only in mid-to late 1930s, stimulated by the Great Depression, leading to a growing ideological polarization and the political ascension of the fascist Legion of ‘Archangel Michael’. To better grasp the specificities of this case study, the concluding section of the article compares it to patterns of veterans’ activism in postwar Italy.

中文翻译：

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退伍军人，复员和政治行动主义：大罗马尼亚的比较

本文旨在从几个相互关联的角度进一步对复员模式，法西斯主义和退伍军人的行动主义之间的关系进行质疑。我们认为，法西斯主义与退伍军人之间的关系不是固定的联系，而是社会经济和政治因素的复杂政治格局的结果，因此有必要进行逐案深入的讨论。同样，我们认为这些因素在本质上既是国内的又是跨国的。最后，我们认为研究人员需要采用共时性和历时性的观点，从而说明随着时间推移动员退伍军人的各个阶段和形式。为了证实这些主张，本篇文章着重于一个相关但基本上被忽略的案例研究：两次世界大战之间的罗马尼亚复员军人和退伍军人的政治活动主义。有人认为，与历史学的假设相反，罗马尼亚的复员最初是成功的。在大萧条的刺激下，退伍军人对法西斯主义的动员仅在1930年代中期到后期才有所加强，导致意识形态上的两极分化和法西斯主义的“大天使米迦勒”军团的政治提升。为了更好地掌握此案例研究的特殊性，本文的最后一节将其与战后意大利退伍军人的激进主义模式进行了比较。