Wild mushrooms are important to the nutritional health and economic subsistence of rural populations in Mexico, but inaccurate identification of mushrooms has led to reported cases of poisoning. The aim of this study is to establish genotoxic profiles of mushrooms of the putative Amanita rubescens complex and to link those profiles with morphological attributes that suggest a correct identification of mushrooms, in order to prevent poisoning. Several combinations of amplification products (AMA, PHA, POP1, and POP2 genes) were identified in A. rubescens fungi sold in traditional markets; these genes are related to the presence of toxic polypeptides and its enzymatic regulators. The sequences correspond to a previously reported toxic gene family (MSDIM). All samples with the complete toxic gene profile presented reddish to dark-brown sporomes; this is the only attribute that visually distinguishes samples with toxic potential. Our results suggest that the mushrooms sold in traditional Mexican markets do not correspond to the A. rubescens complex. We conclude that morphological variability allows for identification of edible and inedible mushrooms.

中文翻译：

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毒蝇伞的遗传毒性概况和形态变异：墨西哥安全消费的传统知识。

野生蘑菇对墨西哥农村人口的营养健康和经济生存很重要，但是蘑菇的不正确鉴定导致中毒的报道。这项研究的目的是建立推定的伞形毒蝇复合物蘑菇的遗传毒性特征，并将这些特征与暗示正确鉴定蘑菇的形态学特征联系起来，以防止中毒。在传统市场出售的冬凌草真菌中鉴定出几种扩增产物组合（AMA，PHA，POP1和POP2基因）。这些基因与毒性多肽及其酶调节剂的存在有关。该序列对应于先前报道的毒性基因家族（MSDIM）。所有具有完整毒性基因图谱的样品均呈现深棕红色的孢子体。这是在视觉上区分具有毒性潜力的样品的唯一属性。我们的结果表明，在传统的墨西哥市场上出售的蘑菇与红曲霉不符。我们得出的结论是，形态变异性可以识别可食用和不可食用的蘑菇。