The author wants to "destigmatize" the concept of cultural diffusion and allow multiple specialists to discuss and consider the evidence for contact in a more creative way. Thus, Jett not only proposes the possibility of independent developments, but also hypothesizes that this diffusion is the result of contact between populations. I agree with Jett, both in the present and in the past, the transfer of information occurred between different social groups and was an important factor in cultural evolution. However, theorists in archeology and anthropology have highly debated the presence of artifacts and ideas in places that are thought to not have had contact. Some of these ideas or objects are intrinsic impulses of human nature that developed in parallel; for others, they are the products of internal social contradictions or due to environmental influences; finally, some scientists believe that these innovations are independent results of human agency (Storey and Jones 2011). Both Jett's approach and other approaches to the presence of ideas, artifacts, and other cultural features use a reductionist view to approach the complexity of cultural evolution. My personal view is that human activities and cultural evolution are not only responses to stimuli, but are the satisfaction of biological needs or a search to establish equilibrium. Human activities and the transmission of information and therefore culture evolution must be understood as part of Stephen Jett’s Ancient Oceans Crossings is a complete, simple, and straightforward text that compiles historical and archaeological information about transoceanic contacts between the Western and Eastern hemispheres before 1492.

中文翻译：

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远古海洋穿越：重新考虑与前哥伦布时期美洲接触的案例。斯蒂芬·杰特（Stephen C. 2017.阿拉巴马大学出版社，塔斯卡卢萨。508页

作者希望“贬低”文化传播的概念，并允许多位专家以更具创造性的方式讨论和考虑联系的证据。因此，杰特不仅提出了独立发展的可能性，而且还假设这种扩散是人群之间接触的结果。我同意杰特，无论现在还是过去，信息的转移都是在不同的社会群体之间发生的，并且是文化发展的重要因素。但是，考古学和人类学的理论家对人们认为没有接触过的地方是否存在文物和观念进行了激烈的辩论。这些思想或对象中的某些是并行发展的人性的内在冲动。为他人，它们是内部社会矛盾或环境影响的产物；最后，一些科学家认为这些创新是人类代理的独立成果（Storey and Jones 2011）。杰特的方法和其他存在思想，人工制品和其他文化特征的方法都使用还原论来处理文化进化的复杂性。我个人的观点是，人类活动和文化进化不仅是对刺激的反应，而且是对生物需求的满足或对建立平衡的追求。斯蒂芬·杰特（Stephen Jett）的《远古海洋穿越》是一部完整，简单，