The development of electronic payment instruments and their online availability constitute important parts of the development of the EU payments market. Individual states adopt different approaches towards interpretation (legal aspects) and types of electronic payment instruments. To encourage sustainable payment services, minimize possible threats, and create favourable conditions for the development of new payment instruments, legislators adopt general legal acts stipulating the legal status of electronic payment instruments. However, the actual interpretation of payment instruments is often narrowed in legal practice, and does not cover payment instruments newly introduced to the market. A new insight into electronic payment instruments corresponding to the latest trends in the market is important in criminal law as well, because crimes related to the use of a payment instrument are common and difficult to investigate. In view of recent changes in payment services (the new Payment Services Directive in 2019), the norms of criminal law stipulating liability for the illegal disposal of electronic payment instruments must reflect circumstances predetermined by today’s technological developments. In terms of criminal law, a technologically neutral conception of the payment instrument is necessary, to include a wider range of payment instruments that differ considerably from conventional personalized payment cards. The aim of this article is, therefore, to demonstrate that the current regulation of the Criminal Code of Lithuania lags behind the development of payment instruments, and in order to avoid excessive criminalization it is proposed to narrow the application of Article 214 of the Lithuanian Criminal Code.

中文翻译：

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刑法中的技术中立支付工具的概念

电子支付工具的开发及其在线可用性是欧盟支付市场发展的重要组成部分。各个州对电子支付工具的解释（法律方面）和类型采用不同的方法。为了鼓励可持续的支付服务，最大程度地减少可能的威胁，并为开发新的支付工具创造有利条件，立法者采用了规定电子支付工具法律地位的一般法律法规。但是，对支付工具的实际解释通常在法律实践中狭窄，并且不包括新引入市场的支付工具。对电子支付工具的最新见解与市场的最新趋势相对应，在刑法中也很重要，因为与使用付款工具相关的犯罪很普遍且难以调查。鉴于支付服务的最新变化（2019年新的支付服务指令），规定非法处置电子支付工具的责任的刑法规范必须反映当今技术发展所确定的情况。在刑法方面，对支付工具的技术中立概念是必要的，以包括与传统的个性化支付卡有很大不同的更广泛的支付工具。因此，本文的目的是证明立陶宛《刑法》的现行规定落后于支付工具的发展，