Glucose tolerance test (GTT) is standard diagnostic procedure that tests the efficiency of blood glucose-lowering hormones (insulin, incretins, leptin). Contrary, insulin tolerance test (ITT) is probing efficiency of blood glucose-rising hormones (glucagon, thyroxine, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, adrenalin, noradrenalin). These two hormone systems together maintain blood glucose levels in a narrow range. Various pathophysiological mechanisms give rise to a reversible condition -- prediabetes which then progresses to an irreversible chronic disease -- diabetes, both marked with deviation of blood glucose levels outside the set range. In diagnostic purpose, the patient is given glucose load, and blood glucose is measured right before and 2 hours after load. Measurements are more frequent after insulin injection (ITT) or if both tests are performed on experimental animals. In this paper we analyse the mathematical model for GTT and ITT. The obtained model function is a useful tool in describing the dynamics of blood glucose changes.

中文翻译：

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葡萄糖和胰岛素耐受性测试数学模型中的参数识别-糖尿病的数学标记

葡萄糖耐量测试（GTT）是标准的诊断程序，用于测试降低血糖的激素（胰岛素，肠降血糖素，瘦素）的效率。相反，胰岛素耐受性测试（ITT）是探测血糖升高激素（胰高血糖素，甲状腺素，生长激素，糖皮质激素，肾上腺素，去甲肾上腺素）的效率。这两种激素系统共同将血糖水平维持在狭窄的范围内。各种病理生理机制都会导致可逆性疾病-糖尿病前期，然后发展为不可逆转的慢性疾病-糖尿病，这两种疾病的特征都是血糖水平超出设定范围。为了诊断目的，给患者葡萄糖负荷，并在负荷之前和负荷后2小时测量血糖。胰岛素注射（ITT）后或如果对实验动物进行两项测试，则测量更加频繁。在本文中，我们分析了GTT和ITT的数学模型。获得的模型函数是描述血糖变化动态的有用工具。