In its comprehensive meaning, citizenship should ideally bestow a sense of belonging in the large social group, as well as a stake in the state's cultural, political and economic life, topped by a sense of solidarity, which transcends ethno-religious differences. Unfortunately, many nation states fail these tasks and not all of their citizens are offered such an embracing welcome. Because of the massive immigrations of the last decades this difficulty has intensified and many states struggle with the problem of maintaining a sense of belonging of its citizens with the state. This article proposes a named new concept, “Citizenhood”, which may provide a better way to reconcile ideas of cultural and social rights with the idea of citizenship in contemporary multicultural liberal and democratic nation states. In particular, the new concept strives to alleviate the situation of groups upon whom citizenship does not confer the sense of 'being at home'. Improving the feelings of these groups is important not only for their own well-being, but for the state as well, since their feeling of alienation from the community at large weakens social cohesion and may fuel continuous tensions. Scholars have suggested different alternatives to overcome these difficulties but a solution is not yet in sight. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of previous suggestions and elaborates on the benefits of the proposed new concept.

中文翻译：

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公民身份：对多元文化公民身份的重新思考

从全面的意义上说，公民理想上应该赋予其在庞大社会群体中的归属感，并在国家的文化，政治和经济生活中具有一定的利益，此外还要具有超越种族宗教差异的团结感。不幸的是，许多民族国家未能完成这些任务，并非所有公民都受到如此欢迎。由于最近几十年来的大量移民，这种困难加剧了，许多州都在努力维持其公民对州的归属感。本文提出了一个名为“公民身份”的新概念，它可以提供一种更好的方式来使文化和社会权利的观念与当代多元文化的自由民主国家的公民身份观念相一致。特别是，新概念旨在减轻公民身份无法赋予“在家”感觉的群体的处境。改善这些群体的感情不仅对他们自己的福祉也很重要，对国家也很重要，因为他们与社区的疏远感削弱了社会凝聚力，并可能加剧持续的紧张气氛。学者们提出了克服这些困难的不同选择，但尚未找到解决方案。本文讨论了先前建议的优缺点，并详细阐述了提出的新概念的好处。因为他们与整个社区的疏远感削弱了社会凝聚力，并可能加剧持续的紧张气氛。学者们提出了克服这些困难的不同选择，但尚未找到解决方案。本文讨论了先前建议的优缺点，并详细阐述了提出的新概念的好处。因为他们与整个社区的疏远感削弱了社会凝聚力，并可能加剧持续的紧张气氛。学者们提出了克服这些困难的不同选择，但尚未找到解决方案。本文讨论了先前建议的优缺点，并详细阐述了提出的新概念的好处。