In the core of this article stands an argument that while ethnocracy was a relevant analytical framework for understanding the urban dynamics of Jerusalem\al-Quds up until two decades ago, this is no longer the case. As this article demonstrates, ver the past twenty years or so, the city’s geopolitical balance and its means of demographic control, as well as an intensifying militarization and a growing use of state violence, have transformed the city from an ethnocracity into an urban apartheid. Theoretically, this article aims to go beyond the specific analogy with South African apartheid, the most notorious case of such a regime. Rather I would suggest that in our current market-driven, neo-liberal era, an apartheid city should be taken as a distinct urban regime based on urban trends such as privatization of space, gentrification, urban design, infrastructure development and touristic planning. I would propose that these practices substitute for explicit apartheid legislation (of a sort introduced in the South African case), bringing to the fore new participants in the apartheidization of the city, such as real estate developers and various interest groups.

中文翻译：

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从“人类文明”到城市种族隔离：耶路撒冷\圣城的景象

本文的核心是这样一个论点：尽管种族主义是直到二十年前才了解耶路撒冷\圣城的城市动态的一个相关分析框架，但情况已不再如此。正如本文所表明的那样，在过去的二十多年中，这座城市的地缘政治平衡及其人口控制手段，以及日益加剧的军事化和越来越多的国家暴力使用，已将这座城市从种族主义转变为种族隔离。从理论上讲，本文旨在超越与南非种族隔离的特定类比，南非种族隔离是该政权最臭名昭著的案例。相反，我建议在当前市场驱动的新自由主义时代，种族隔离城市应被视为基于城市趋势（例如空间私有化，高级化，城市设计，基础设施发展和旅游规划。我建议这些做法代替明确的种族隔离立法（在南非案例中引入的那种立法），从而使城市种族隔离的新参与者（例如房地产开发商和各个利益集团）脱颖而出。