Australia has succeeded in lowering the overall prevalence of tobacco smoking in the last four decades and has enjoyed a worldwide reputation for innovative policy. However, this success has not extended to Indigenous Australians. Using a narrative review and critique of literature from government, public health, health promotion, marketing and communication on smoking cessation in Australia, we first consider the history of government anti-smoking measures including legislation and communication initiatives including advertising and sponsorship bans, health warnings and 'no smoking' rules affecting anti-smoking norms, culminating in the banning of branding and the advent of tobacco plain packaging. We also review the effects of excise increases and smoking cessation aids such as quit lines and nicotine replacement therapy. For each type of intervention, both population-wide and those specifically directed at Indigenous people, we consider the probable reasons for the failure to reach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or alter their smoking patterns, and make suggestions for improvements in interventions and their evaluation. We conclude that the history of anti-smoking initiatives in Australia suggests that community-based health initiatives are likely to be more effective in addressing Indigenous people and helping smokers to quit.

中文翻译：

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减少澳大利亚的吸烟：如何包括原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民

在过去的四十年中，澳大利亚成功地降低了总体吸烟率，并以创新政策享誉全球。但是，这一成功尚未扩展到澳大利亚土著居民。我们使用叙述性评论和对政府，公共卫生，健康促进，市场营销和澳大利亚戒烟传播的文献评论，首先考虑了政府禁烟措施的历史，包括立法和传播举措，包括广告和赞助禁令，健康警告以及影响禁止吸烟规范的“禁止吸烟”规则，最终导致禁止商标和烟草无装饰包装的出现。我们还将审查消费税增加和戒烟辅助工具（例如戒烟线和尼古丁替代疗法）的影响。对于每种类型的干预措施，无论是针对人群的干预措施，还是针对针对土著居民的干预措施，我们都考虑了未能达到原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民人群或改变其吸烟方式的可能原因，并提出了改善干预措施及其评估的建议。我们得出的结论是，澳大利亚反吸烟计划的历史表明，基于社区的健康计划在解决土著居民和帮助吸烟者戒烟方面可能更有效。