Recent comparison of the consumer confidence of Hungarians with their spending reveals numerous cases when individuals became less confident about their financial situation (expecting it to get worse), yet continued – and even increased – spending, rather contradicting initial expectations. This discrepancy cannot be explained by general, national financial indicators, as income and inflation only provide a partial understanding of the difference between confidence and spending. A review of further determinants highlights the similarities between trends in confidence, poverty, and the social gap, suggesting that the revision and consideration of social benchmarks and previous income trends are significant determinants of consumer confidence and spending.

中文翻译：

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渴望更美好的生活，还是最低限度地生存？解释匈牙利人申报的财务状况与实际财务状况之间的差异

最近将匈牙利人的消费者信心与他们的支出进行比较，揭示了许多情况，即个人对自己的财务状况变得不那么自信（预计情况会变得更糟），但仍在继续甚至增加支出，这与最初的预期相矛盾。这种差异不能用一般的国家金融指标来解释，因为收入和通货膨胀只能部分了解信心和支出之间的差异。对进一步决定因素的审查强调了信心、贫困和社会差距趋势之间的相似性，表明对社会基准和以往收入趋势的修订和考虑是消费者信心和支出的重要决定因素。