The purpose of this article is to classify existing approaches to analyzing theoretical and methodological aspects of innovation development in modern economic systems. We also present a new approach based on existing ones that combines advantages, eliminates drawbacks, and offers means of analyzing innovation development in modern economic systems and that presents optimal models of innovation development in modern economic systems. The authors develop and approbate – based on the case of present-day Russia – proprietary methodologies for examining innovation development in modern economic systems. It involves the calculation of an index of innovation development that reflects current levels of innovation development in economic systems and possibilities and perspectives related to innovation development in economic systems in the near future. The authors classify approaches to the analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of innovation development in modern economic systems as criteria on innovation development in economic systems. Within this classification, the authors distinguish between and conduct comparative analyses of the following three main approaches: plan-factual, ranking, and indexing, which involve making various theoretical assumptions on innovation development in modern economic systems and on the use of various methodologies. The authors present a new approach to the analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of innovation development in modern economic systems that eliminate drawbacks of existing approaches and that present unique advantages (simple calculations and universal use). In turn, an optimal model of innovation development in modern economic systems is offered.

中文翻译：

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现代经济体系创新发展的理论和方法论方面

本文的目的是对分析现代经济体系中创新发展的理论和方法论方面的现有方法进行分类。我们还提出了一种基于现有方法的新方法，它结合了优势，消除了缺点，提供了分析现代经济系统创新发展的手段，并提出了现代经济系统创新发展的最佳模型。作者基于当今俄罗斯的案例开发并认可了用于检查现代经济体系创新发展的专有方法。它涉及计算一个创新发展指数，该指数反映经济系统当前创新发展的水平以及在不久的将来与经济系统创新发展相关的可能性和前景。作者将现代经济系统创新发展的理论和方法论方面的分析方法分类为经济系统创新发展的标准。在这一分类中，作者区分并比较分析了以下三种主要方法：计划事实法、排名法和索引法，它们涉及对现代经济体系中的创新发展和各种方法的使用做出各种理论假设。作者提出了一种分析现代经济体系中创新发展的理论和方法论方面的新方法，该方法消除了现有方法的缺点并具有独特的优势（简单计算和普遍使用）。反过来，