The public and political debate about Islam and Muslims in Norway have revolved around issues like topics of integration and “radicalisation” and the compatibility of Islam with democracy and “Western values”. Clothing related to Muslims – i.e. Muslim women – such as hijab, niqab, and burqa are in the public and political debate often referred to as examples that Islam is not compatible with “Norwegian” (or “Western”) values. Several political initiatives in order to ban Muslim garments in public places or in school has been rejected with reference to the Norwegian state’s obligations to Human Rights. This article will illustrate how the political debate about Muslim garments have evolved in the period from 2008 to 2018. Four cases will be presented to illustrate this development, and show how each case have been evaluated by the Ministry of Justice in order to decide whether or not the propositions could be a violation of the Norwegian state’s obligation to Human Rights. The fourth case will illustrate how secular arguments, and the strategic understanding of niqab and burqa as “neutrally designed”, paved the way for a national regulation and a ban on clothing covering the face in educational settings.

中文翻译：

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挪威关于禁止穆斯林服装的政治论述。2008-2018年四例分析

在挪威，有关伊斯兰教和穆斯林的公共和政治辩论围绕诸如融合和“激进化”以及伊斯兰与民主与“西方价值观”的兼容性等问题展开。与穆斯林有关的服装，例如穆斯林妇女，如盖头，头巾和睡袍，在公众场合受到关注，政治辩论经常被称为伊斯兰与“挪威”（或“西方”）价值观不相容的例子。关于挪威政府对人权的义务，为了禁止在公共场所或在学校使用穆斯林服装的几项政治倡议被拒绝。本文将说明在2008年至2018年期间有关穆斯林服装的政治辩论如何演变。将通过四个案例来说明这种发展，并说明司法部如何评估每个案件，以决定这些提议是否可能违反挪威国家对人权的义务。第四个案例将说明世俗的争论以及对“尼卡布”和“布卡”作为“中性设计”的战略理解如何为国家法规和禁止在教育环境中遮盖脸面铺平了道路。