A majority of Americans distrust the news media due to concerns over comprehensiveness, accuracy, and fairness. Since many interactions between journalists and their subjects last only minutes and can be published within seconds, if not live, research is needed to explore how journalists' understandings of their subjects' narratives evolve over time and how much time is necessary to avoid surface-level coverage. Also, since people are now exposed to more image-based rather than text-based messages, additional research is necessary to explore how the verbal narratives spoken by subjects compare to their nonverbal narratives as captured by news photographers in visual form. Through a longitudinal, interview-based approach, a photojournalist working on a 30-plus-day picture story was interviewed weekly for six weeks over the course of his project to track perceptions of how his subjects' verbal narratives changed. At the conclusion of the project, the photojournalist's subjects were also interviewed to explore how their verbal and nonverbal narratives compared. Informed by literature in role theory, narrative, and visual journalism, the findings explore how news media narratives can be more nuanced and how people shape their visual and verbal narratives consciously and unconsciously. Additional findings suggest that comprehensiveness, accuracy, and fairness are intimately related to interaction duration and that visual narratives can highlight role conformity and conflict in ways not possible through verbal narratives alone.

中文翻译：

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故事的演变：时间和方式如何影响视觉和语言叙事

由于担心全面性、准确性和公平性，大多数美国人不信任新闻媒体。由于记者和他们的主题之间的许多互动只持续几分钟并且可以在几秒钟内发布，如果不是现场，需要研究来探索记者对他们的主题叙述的理解如何随着时间的推移而演变以及需要多少时间来避免表面水平覆盖。此外，由于人们现在接触到更多基于图像而不是基于文本的信息，因此有必要进行额外的研究，以探索受试者所说的口头叙述与新闻摄影师以视觉形式捕捉到的非语言叙述相比如何。通过纵向的、基于访谈的方法，一位从事 30 多天图片故事的摄影记者在他的项目过程中每周接受一次为期六周的采访，以跟踪对他的对象的口头叙述如何变化的看法。在项目结束时，摄影记者的主题也接受了采访，以探讨他们的语言和非语言叙事的比较。通过角色理论、叙事和视觉新闻方面的文献，这些发现探索了新闻媒体叙事如何变得更加微妙，以及人们如何有意识和无意识地塑造他们的视觉和语言叙事。其他研究结果表明，全面性、准确性和公平性与互动持续时间密切相关，视觉叙事可以以仅通过口头叙事无法实现的方式突出角色整合和冲突。