The implementation of the new map/organisation of the judicial system in Portugal, approved in 2013, has become an example of an externally induced reform. The biggest reform process ever seen within the justice system took place under the rule of the Troika in Portugal, together with budget cuts to the justice system as a result of the Portuguese financial crisis (since external financial support required strict austerity measures). The key word was therefore concentration: the concentration of courts, litigation and resources. The reform of the organisation/map of the judicial system reduced 232 lower courts to 23 district courts, each with jurisdiction over a larger territory and greater specialisation. Most of the former smaller courts were transformed into local sections or branches of the now streamlined judicial system, in an attempt to retain some proximity to citizens. However, a significant number of cases are now heard in district courts rather than in these local courts. This reorganisation, including a totally new management model, led to profound organisational changes and altered the relationship between citizens and the justice administration. The aim of this article is to discuss the context, actors and politics involved in this judicial reform process as an example of a top-down strategy, designed under pressure in response to an external ‘order’ and influenced by internal actors, which failed to consider citizenship and democracy.

中文翻译：

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司法改革面临“压力”：葡萄牙司法系统的新地图/组织

2013年批准的在葡萄牙实施新的司法系统图/组织，已成为外部改革的一个例子。司法制度内有史以来最大的改革过程是在葡萄牙三驾马车的统治下进行的，同时由于葡萄牙金融危机（由于外部财政支持要求采取严格的紧缩措施），司法系统的预算被削减。因此，关键词是集中：法院，诉讼和资源的集中。司法系统的组织/地图的改革将232个下级法院减少到23个地方法院，每个地方法院都管辖更大的领土和更大的专业化范围。大多数以前较小的法院都改成了现在精简的司法系统的地方部门或分支机构，试图与公民保持一定距离。但是，现在有很多案件是在地区法院而不是在这些地方法院审理的。这种重组，包括全新的管理模式，导致了深刻的组织变革，并改变了公民与司法行政部门之间的关系。本文的目的是讨论此司法改革过程中涉及的背景，行为者和政治，作为自上而下策略的示例，该策略是在应对外部“秩序”的压力下设计的，并受到内部行为者的影响，但未能做到考虑公民权和民主。导致了深刻的组织变革，并改变了公民与司法行政部门之间的关系。本文旨在讨论司法改革过程中涉及的背景，参与者和政治，作为自上而下策略的示例，该策略是在应对外部“秩序”的压力下设计的，并受到内部参与者的影响，但未能做到考虑公民身份和民主。导致了深刻的组织变革，并改变了公民与司法行政部门之间的关系。本文的目的是讨论此司法改革过程中涉及的背景，行为者和政治，作为自上而下策略的示例，该策略是在应对外部“秩序”的压力下设计的，并受到内部行为者的影响，但未能做到考虑公民身份和民主。