Environmental criminal law provides for measures targeting the most serious environmental offences and improving the enforceability of environmental provisions. In the article, environmental criminal law provisions in Poland and Russia are analyzed and compared. The changes introduced by the Council Directive 2008/99/EC on the protection of the environment through criminal law have a significant impact on the Member States’ criminal law, promoting broader criminalization of environmentally harmful behavior and more severe sanctions. Although the Russian Federation is not an EU member and adopts its environmental legislation, it is still a party to several international treaties and therefore is obligated to provide an adequate level of environmental protection. There are several similarities between the criminal provisions in both countries concerning the classification of environmental crimes and the limbs of their legal definitions. Besides, both countries use a continental model of criminal procedure including their rules on evidence. It allowed us to compare national law enforcement practices. The authors analyze current law enforcement challenges and discuss possible solutions.

中文翻译：

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波兰和俄罗斯的环境刑事执法：应对当前的挑战

环境刑法规定了针对最严重的环境犯罪并改善环境规定的可执行性的措施。本文对波兰和俄罗斯的环境刑法规定进行了分析和比较。理事会关于通过刑法保护环境的第2008/99 / EC号指令引入的变更对会员国的刑法产生了重大影响，促进了对环境有害行为的更广泛的刑事定罪和更严厉的制裁。尽管俄罗斯联邦不是欧盟成员国，并且通过了其环境立法，但它仍是一些国际条约的缔约国，因此有义务提供足够水平的环境保护。两国关于环境犯罪分类的刑事规定与其法律定义的不同之处之间有许多相似之处。此外，两国都使用大陆式的刑事诉讼模型，包括其证据规则。它使我们能够比较国家执法实践。作者分析了当前的执法挑战，并讨论了可能的解决方案。