The role of banks in projects which result in adverse human rights impacts has been brought to the fore in recent years. However, there are serious obstacles to regulate the (often extraterritorial) financing activities of banks under national law. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises attempt to respond to this ‘governance gap’, stipulating that all business enterprises have a responsibility to respect human rights. However, banks’ compliance with such standards has been frustrated by a failure to understand how these standards apply to them. In 2016, the Dutch Government collaborated with the Dutch banking sector and civil society to create the Dutch Banking Sector Agreement: a multistakeholder initiative initiated to improve adhering banks’ performance with respect to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises. This article reviews how the actors involved drafted the Agreement in light of prevalent divergences in understandings over how human rights apply to banks’ financing activities. It then looks to scholarship on transnational private regulation, experimentalism governance, and social constructivism in mapping three roles the Dutch Banking Sector Agreement could play: regulate, experimentation, and advocacy.

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荷兰银行业人权协议：监管，试验还是倡导？

近年来，银行在导致不利人权影响的项目中的作用日益受到重视。但是，根据国家法律来规范银行（通常是域外）的融资活动存在严重障碍。《联合国企业与人权指导原则》和《经合组织跨国企业准则》试图弥补这一“治理差距”，规定所有企业都有责任尊重人权。但是，由于不了解这些标准如何应用于银行而使银行对此类标准的合规性感到沮丧。2016年，荷兰政府与荷兰银行业和民间社会合作，制定了《荷兰银行业协定》：发起了一项多利益相关方倡议，以根据《联合国商业与人权指导原则》和《经合组织跨国企业指南》改善粘附银行的绩效。本文根据有关人权如何适用于银行融资活动的普遍分歧，回顾了相关参与者如何起草该协议。然后，它寻求有关跨国私人监管，实验主义治理和社会建构主义的奖学金，以绘制《荷兰银行业协议》可以发挥的三个作用：监管，实验和倡导。本文根据有关人权如何适用于银行融资活动的普遍分歧，回顾了相关参与者如何起草该协议。然后，它寻求有关跨国私人监管，实验主义治理和社会建构主义的奖学金，以绘制《荷兰银行业协议》可以发挥的三个作用：监管，实验和倡导。本文根据有关人权如何适用于银行融资活动的普遍分歧，回顾了相关参与者如何起草该协议。然后，它寻求有关跨国私人监管，实验主义治理和社会建构主义的奖学金，以绘制《荷兰银行业协议》可以发挥的三个作用：监管，实验和倡导。