The ability to reflect is an important generic competence especially for underperforming students as they have to analyse their previous learning experiences to improve on future academic performances. This action research describes the process of a team when developing a reflection guiding tool (RGT). As the underperforming students may have difficulty in comprehending what is expected from them while using a reflective approach, we designed the RGT based on the six steps in Gibbs cycle; 1) Description, 2) Feelings/Reactions, 3) Evaluation, 4) Analysis, 5) Conclusions, and 6) Personal action plan. These underperforming students reflected on how, and why, they failed their assessments based on the proposed RGT. Findings revealed that RGT was able to make students aware of what reflection skill is and thus fulfilled its objective. It helped Year 1 and Year 2 underperforming medical students to reflect on their academic failure. Received : 05 September 2019 Accepted : 22 November 2019 Published online : 29 November 2019

中文翻译：

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为表现不佳的医学生开发反思指导工具：一项行动研究项目

反映能力是一项重要的通用能力，尤其对于表现不佳的学生而言，因为他们必须分析以前的学习经验以提高未来的学习成绩。这项行动研究描述了开发反思指导工具（RGT）时团队的过程。由于表现欠佳的学生在使用反思方法时可能难以理解他们的期望，因此我们基于吉布斯循环的六个步骤设计了RGT；1）说明，2）情感/反应，3）评估，4）分析，5）结论和6）个人行动计划。这些表现不佳的学生反映了他们基于建议的RGT如何以及为什么未能通过评估。研究结果表明，RGT能够使学生意识到什么是反射技能，从而实现了其目标。它帮助一年级和二年级表现不佳的医学生反思他们的学业失败。收到：2019年9月5日接受：2019年11月22日在线发布：2019年11月29日