Boris Isaakovich Yarkho (1889–1942)1 was a major and unique figure in literary scholarship during the 1920s and 1930s. However, his name is usually recalled less frequently than the names of many of his contemporaries. The circumstances of Yarkho’s life and work prevented his most important research from being published. Therefore the general panorama of his completed work and his projects for further research escaped most of his contemporaries. And it is the width of his general intentions to perfect scientific methods in studying literature that has rendered the most services to literary scholarship. Yarkho received his education at Moscow University and later studied in Heidelberg and Berlin. From 1915 to 1921 he taught at Moscow University, first as Privatdozent and later as a professor. Literary theory did not immediately become the main object of his scholarly activity. At first he specialized in folklore, Germanic philology, and the history of medieval literature (in this area he was a recognized authority, his articles were published in foreign journals, and the Medieval Academy of America elected him as a member). His first major work was dedicated to folklore: it was The Tale of Sigurd and its Reflection in the Russian Epic (published in Russkij filologicheskij vestnik, 1913–1916); his second long work was on skaldic poetry (Mansǫngr, published in Sborniki Moskovskogo Merkurija, 1917). He chose to write his doctoral dissertation on Hrotsvitha [of Gandersheim], a German poetess of the tenth century who composed dramas in Latin. The title of Yarkho’s dissertation was The Rhymed Prose of Hrotsvitha’s Dramas; he worked on it for over ten years; the dissertation was completed in two variants, Russian and German, but remained unpublished. In studying Hrotsvitha’s use of poetic rhythm, which complexly oscillates between verse and prose, Yarkho had to work out detailed

中文翻译：

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鲍里斯·雅可（Boris Yarkho）的文学理论作品

鲍里斯·伊萨科维奇·雅科（Boris Isaakovich Yarkho，1889–1942年）1是1920年代和1930年代文学研究中的主要和独特人物。但是，与许多同时代人的名字相比，他的名字通常不那么容易被记住。Yarkho的生活和工作环境阻碍了他最重要的研究的发表。因此，他大部分同时代人都看不到他完成的作品和他的进一步研究项目的全景。正是他一心想要完善文学研究的科学方法的总体意图才为文学研究提供了最多的服务。Yarkho在莫斯科大学接受教育，后来在海德堡和柏林学习。从1915年到1921年，他在莫斯科大学任教，最初担任Privatdozent，后来担任教授。文学理论并没有立即成为他学术活动的主要对象。最初，他专门研究民俗，日耳曼语文学和中世纪文学史（在这一领域，他是公认的权威，他的文章发表在外国期刊上，美国中世纪学院推举他为会员）。他的第一部主要著作是致力于民间文学艺术的：《锡格德的故事》及其在俄罗斯史诗中的反思（出版于1913年至1916年的Russkij filologicheskijvestnik）；他的第二本长篇著作是关于速写诗歌（Mansǫngr，发表于Sborniki Moskovskogo Merkurija，1917年）。他选择将自己的博士学位论文写在[Gandersheim的Hrotsvitha]上，后者是十世纪的德国女诗人，他用拉丁文创作戏剧。Yarkho的论文题目是Hrotsvitha戏剧的押韵散文。他为此工作了十多年；论文以俄文和德文两种形式完成，但尚未出版。在研究Hrotsvitha对诗歌韵律的运用（在诗歌和散文之间复杂地摆动）时，Yarkho必须制定出详细的