The present study specifies the historical development of data sharing practices in three disciplines—oceanography, ecology, and genomics—along with the evolving progress of movements—e-Science, cyberinfrastructure, and open science—that expedite data sharing in more diverse disciplines. The review of these disciplinary data-sharing practices and the movements suggests opportunities and challenges that would serve as a basis for implementing data-sharing practices. The increasing need for large-scale and interdisciplinary research provides momentum for initiating data sharing. In addition, the development of data repositories and standards for metadata and data format facilitates data sharing. However, challenges need to be addressed, in regard to conflicting issues of patenting data, concerns about privacy and confidentiality, and informed consent that adequately enables data sharing. It is also necessary to consider the needs of the various stakeholders involved in data sharing to incentivize them to improve its impact.

中文翻译：

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学科数据共享实践和科学开放数据推广概述

本研究详细说明了海洋学、生态学和基因组学这三个学科中数据共享实践的历史发展，以及加速了更多样化学科的数据共享的运动——电子科学、网络基础设施和开放科学的不断发展的进步。对这些学科数据共享实践和运动的审查提出了机遇和挑战，这些机遇和挑战将作为实施数据共享实践的基础。对大规模和跨学科研究的日益增长的需求为启动数据共享提供了动力。此外，元数据和数据格式的数据存储库和标准的开发促进了数据共享。然而，需要解决的挑战包括专利数据的冲突问题、隐私和保密问题、和充分实现数据共享的知情同意。还必须考虑参与数据共享的各个利益相关者的需求，以激励他们改善其影响。