One of the important responsibilities of peer review in academic publishing is to help authors improve the quality of their manuscripts by providing clear, constructive comments that are neither unpleasant nor disparaging. However, non-native English-speaking reviewers sometimes have difficulties in complementing or criticizing with clarity. It can also be difficult for reviewers to write appropriate and inter-culturally sensitive reviews. Thus, the goal of this paper is to help reviewers (and authors) improve clarity and achieve politeness in their writing. This paper focuses on understanding information structure (how information is generally arranged in a given context), cohesion (how ideas or sentences are connected), and emphasis (how to control emphasis with sentence structure or linguistic devices); it also introduces various politeness strategies for writing compliments and mitigating criticisms. The specific strategies include the use of conditionals, hedging, and pairing good news and bad news. Examples of effective and ineffective reviewer comments and cases of potential miscommunication that might occur between reviewers and authors are also presented. Developing skills to write peer review comments more clearly and politely enhances communication between reviewers and authors, which in turn further improves the journal’s overall quality.

中文翻译：

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清晰礼貌地审阅期刊文章：非英语母语审稿人的关键语言提示

同行评审在学术出版中的重要职责之一是通过提供既不令人不快也不贬低的清晰、建设性的评论来帮助作者提高他们的手稿质量。然而，母语非英语的审稿人有时难以清楚地补充或批评。审稿人也可能难以撰写适当且具有跨文化敏感性的评论。因此，本文的目标是帮助审稿人（和作者）在写作中提高清晰度并实现礼貌。这篇论文的重点是理解信息结构（信息在给定的上下文中通常如何排列）、衔接（思想或句子如何连接）和重点（如何通过句子结构或语言设备控制重点）；它还介绍了写赞美和减轻批评的各种礼貌策略。具体策略包括使用条件、对冲以及配对好消息和坏消息。还提供了有效和无效的审稿人评论的示例以及审稿人和作者之间可能发生的潜在误解案例。培养更清晰、更有礼貌地撰写同行评审意见的技能，可以加强审稿人和作者之间的沟通，进而进一步提高期刊的整体质量。还提供了有效和无效的审稿人评论的示例以及审稿人和作者之间可能发生的潜在误解案例。培养更清晰、更有礼貌地撰写同行评审意见的技能，可以加强审稿人和作者之间的沟通，进而进一步提高期刊的整体质量。还提供了有效和无效的审稿人评论的示例以及审稿人和作者之间可能发生的潜在误解案例。培养更清晰、更有礼貌地撰写同行评审意见的技能，可以加强审稿人和作者之间的沟通，进而进一步提高期刊的整体质量。