Romanians’ rapidly increasing exodus over the borders, in the last years, propelled Romania to the top countries with the highest international migration rates worldwide. A rate of 7.3% per annum, recorded between 2000 and 2015, placed Romania second, after Syria (United Nations, 2016). Between 1990 – 2017, Romania registered the highest rise in the migration stock among all EU states – 287 per cent (The World Bank, 2018a). The boost of the migration phenomenon was supported by significant changes, including in the migrants’ profiles, in terms of their level of education, consequently the loss of human capital represented by the highly skilled Romanians already has an impact on the key sectors of the Romanian economy. The highly skilled manpower shortage has been a constant topic on the public agenda, especially after Romania’s integration in the European Union (2007), and after the burst of the most recent financial crisis (2008). The number of highly educated employees (tertiary education and upper secondary and post-secondary attainment) decreased in Romania, negatively affecting the key sectors of the economy. Furthermore, research shows that Romania has the lowest percentage of tertiary education graduates from the EU, with 26.3% for the age segment of 30 – 34 years (Eurostat, 2018a). The paper aims to show recent data on the determinant causes of the brain drain phenomenon in Romania (push factors) and to generate a classification of the three categories of mainly possible determinants: economic, socio-political and organizational factors, based on the results of an online survey addressed to Romanian high-skilled migrants.

中文翻译：

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罗马尼亚的人才流失现象：腐败后发生了什么？

罗马尼亚人在过去几年中迅速增加的出境边境，使罗马尼亚跻身世界上国际迁移率最高的国家之列。在2000年至2015年期间，罗马尼亚的年利率为7.3％，仅次于叙利亚，位居第二（联合国，2016年）。在1990年至2017年之间，罗马尼亚在所有欧盟国家中的移民存量增长最高，达到287％（世界银行，2018a）。移民现象的加剧得到了重大变化的支持，包括移民的学历水平方面的变化，因此，以高技能的罗马尼亚人为代表的人力资本的流失已经对罗马尼亚的关键部门产生了影响经济。高度熟练的人力短缺一直是公共议程上经常讨论的话题，特别是在罗马尼亚加入欧盟之后（2007年），以及最近一次金融危机爆发后（2008年）。罗马尼亚受过高等教育的员工数量（大专学历，高中和大专及以上学历）减少，对经济的关键部门产生了负面影响。此外，研究表明，罗马尼亚的欧盟高等教育学历毕业生比例最低，年龄在30-34岁之间的比例为26.3％（欧盟统计局，2018a）。本文旨在展示有关罗马尼亚人才流失现象的决定因素（推动因素）的最新数据，并基于以下因素的结果对三类主要可能的决定因素进行分类：经济，社会政治和组织因素。针对罗马尼亚高技能移民的在线调查。