Introduction: Distance between competitors in fighting sports and their target have an influence on kinematics of motion and as an consequence, its effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study is to extent the knowledge about influence of effective distance affects velocity of an object after hit. Material and Methods: Analysis were performed based on captured data of a male competitor with black belt in taekwondo (age: 20 yrs., body mass: 65kg, height: 171 cm). During data capturing, he performed sport punch strike 3 times with his left upper limb, and 3 times with the right one. The target was a ping pong ball. Data capturing was performed in HML (Human Motion Lab). Results: Velocities of sport punch strike were in range from 6.20-8.01 m/s. Significant increase in passed momentum to the object were in-between 1.12-1.73% of effective distance. However, when effective distance were in-between 3.70-3.95%, there were significant decrease (nearly half) in velocity of hit object. Conclusions: Our findings allows to formulate assumptions for further analysis, which states, that when maximum velocity of a punch occurs closer to the moment of hitting a target (∆d), the higher it will be in a moment of that hit (r=0.95; p<0.01). Therefore, it allows to assume, that the lower will be a value of ∆d, the higher will be destructive force for target (∆E).

中文翻译：

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有效距离对冲头冲击的影响-初步分析

简介：搏击比赛中运动员与目标之间的距离会影响运动的运动学，因此会影响运动的有效性。因此，本研究的目的是扩大有关有效距离影响的知识对物体撞击后速度的影响。材料和方法：根据跆拳道黑带男选手的捕获数据进行分析（年龄：20岁，体重：65kg，身高：171 cm）。在数据采集过程中，他的左上肢进行了3次运动拳，而右肢进行了3次。目标是一个乒乓球。数据捕获是在HML（人类运动实验室）中进行的。结果：运动拳击的速度在6.20-8.01 m / s的范围内。通过物体的动量显着增加，在有效距离的1.12-1.73％之间。但是，当有效距离在3.70-3.95％之间时，击中物体的速度显着下降（近一半）。结论：我们的发现可以为进一步分析制定假设，该假设指出，当最大冲头速度接近击中目标的时刻（Δd）时，击中时刻的最高速度将更高（r = 0.95； p <0.01）。因此，可以假定，较低的值是d，较高的破坏力是目标值（E）。击中的瞬间越高（r = 0.95； p <0.01）。因此，可以假定，较低的值是d，较高的破坏力是目标值（E）。击中的瞬间越高（r = 0.95； p <0.01）。因此，可以假定，较低的值是d，较高的破坏力是目标值（E）。