Introduction: This work follows previous research in the field which investigated the comparison of two types of paddling. These studies, however, focused on the similarity of kayaking and trainers, more precisely ergometers, that are used by racers during their training in the winter. However, the results of these studies indicate a significant difference in muscle involvement. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to describe and to compare the muscle activation of the kayak forward stroke performed in a pool with an opposite/counter current and on flat/calm water. Material and Methods: The research was conducted via a selected sample of eight kayakers (subjects) who had attained a high level of performance in whitewater slalom. We observed the activity of twelve selected muscles used during the kayak forward stroke performed in a counterflow pool and on flat water by means of surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Study results point to effects in relation to intraindividual and subsequently inter-individual muscle timing and the size of the muscle activation due to maximal voluntary contraction. We used comparative analysis and the data were measured by surface electromyography and 2D video-analysis. Results: The results proved equal timing of muscles in a counterflow pool and on flat water. The muscle activity in the counterflow pool was bigger than on flat water. Conclusion: From our results we can recommend a pool which makes use of a counter current as a replacement training tool. Compared with other training devices which might be used (such as, crank ergometers, paddling trainers, and paddling pools), this kind of training device gives the kayaker one great advantage. It is the fact that the kayaker has the same placement of the fixed point and the preservation of the feeling of grasping water.

中文翻译：

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皮划艇前冲的比较分析

简介：这项工作是在该领域以前的研究之后进行的，该研究调查了两种划桨的比较。但是，这些研究的重点是皮划艇和教练员（更确切地说是测力计）的相似性，这些东西在冬季训练过程中被赛车手使用。但是，这些研究的结果表明，肌肉受累程度存在显着差异。研究目的：本研究的目的是描述和比较在有反向/逆流的池中和在平坦/平静的水中进行的皮划艇向前划水的肌肉激活。材料和方法：本研究是通过选择八个皮划艇运动员（受试者）的样本进行的，他们在激流回旋中表现出很高的水平。通过表面肌电图和运动学分析，我们观察了在皮划艇前冲过程中在逆流池和平坦水域中使用的十二种选定肌肉的活动。研究结果指出与个体内和随后个体间肌肉时机以及由于最大的自愿收缩而引起的肌肉激活大小有关的影响。我们使用了比较分析，并通过表面肌电图和2D视频分析测量了数据。结果：结果证明，在逆流池和平坦的水面上，肌肉的计时相等。逆流池中的肌肉活动大于平水中。结论：从我们的结果中，我们可以推荐一个池，该池利用逆流作为替代训练工具。与其他可能使用的训练设备（例如，曲柄测功机，划船训练器和划船水池），这种训练装置为皮划艇运动员带来了一大优势。事实上，皮划艇手具有相同的固定点位置，并且保持了抓水的感觉。