The presence of the shadow economy differs considerably among the countries. Therefore, determination of factors behind the differences in the size of cross-country shadow economy becomes more of an issue for designing and implementing the right policies to combat the shadow economy. This study investigates the influence of economic freedom and globalization on the size of the shadow economy in the European Union transition economies employing panel data analysis for the period of 2000–2015. The empirical analysis indicates that economic freedom reduces the size of the shadow economy in the long term in the overall panel, but globalization also has a relatively smaller detractive effsect on the shadow economy in some countries.

中文翻译：

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欧盟转型经济体中的经济自由，全球化和影子经济：面板协整分析

影子经济的存在在不同国家之间存在很大差异。因此，确定跨国影子经济规模差异背后的因素对于设计和实施打击影子经济的正确政策而言，已成为一个更大的问题。本研究使用面板数据分析了2000–2015年期间经济自由和全球化对欧盟转型经济体影子经济规模的影响。实证分析表明，从长远来看，经济自由减少了整个影子经济的规模，但是全球化在某些国家对影子经济的影响也相对较小。