Abstract Background and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the influence of Industry 4.0 on the development of the new simulation modelling paradigm, embodied by the Digital Twin concept, and examine the adoption of the new paradigm via a multiple case study involving real-life R&D cases involving academia and industry. Design: We introduce the Industry 4.0 paradigm, presents its background, current state of development and its influence on the development of the simulation modelling paradigm. Further, we present the multiple case study methodology and examine several research and development projects involving automated industrial process modelling, presented in recent scientific publications and conclude with lessons learned. Results: We present the research problems and main results from five individual cases of adoption of the new simulation modelling paradigm. Main lesson learned is that while the new simulation modelling paradigm is being adopted by big companies and SMEs, there are significant differences depending on company size in problems that they face, and the methodologies and technologies they use to overcome the issues. Conclusion: While the examined cases indicate the acceptance of the new simulation modelling paradigm in the industrial and scientific communities, its adoption in academic environment requires close cooperation with industry partners and diversification of knowledge of researchers in order to build integrated, multi-level models of cyber-physical systems. As shown by the presented cases, lack of tools is not a problem, as the current generation of general purpose simulation modelling tools offers adequate integration options.

中文翻译：

---

工业4.0和新的仿真建模范例

摘要背景和目的：本文的目的是展示工业4.0对以Digital Twin概念体现的新的仿真建模范式的发展的影响，并通过涉及真实环境的多案例研究来检验新范式的采用。学术界和工业界的终身研发案例。设计：我们介绍了Industry 4.0范式，介绍了它的背景，当前的发展状况及其对仿真建模范式发展的影响。此外，我们介绍了多案例研究方法，并研究了一些涉及自动化工业过程建模的研究和开发项目，这些研究项目在最近的科学出版物中有所介绍，并以总结的经验教训作为结论。结果：我们介绍了采用新的仿真建模范例的五个个案的研究问题和主要结果。主要的经验教训是，尽管大型公司和中小型企业正在采用新的仿真建模范例，但根据公司规模以及面临的问题以及用于解决问题的方法和技术的不同，会有很大的差异。结论：尽管所研究的案例表明新的仿真模型范式已在工业和科学界得到接受，但要在学术环境中采用该模型，则需要与行业合作伙伴紧密合作，并使研究人员的知识多样化，以便建立集成的多层次模型。网络物理系统。如上述案例所示，缺少工具不是问题，