Abstract Background and purpose: Recent reviews of the human resource management (HRM) literature continue to position knowledge management and intellectual capital as the key determinants for competitiveness, productiveness and organizational performance. This article explores the nexus between knowledge-based HRM practices, knowledge management capacity, intellectual capital, product and process innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were gleaned from 250 registered SMEs in Jordan using a simple random sampling technique. A covariance structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) was deployed in testing the proposed research model. Results: The findings cast light on the positive influence of knowledge-based HRM practice of SMEs on SMEs knowledge management capacity, intellectual capital and, product and process innovation. Similarly, knowledge management capacity SMEs exerts positive impact on their intellectual capital and, product and process innovation. Intellectual capital also emerges as a strong predictor for SMEs product and process innovation. Finally, a serial indirect effect (mediation) of knowledge management capacity and intellectual capital on the relationship between knowledge-based HRM practice of SMEs and, product and process innovation were revealed. Conclusion: Knowledge-based HRM practices and innovation have received vast amount of research attention, yet there is a lack of understanding on the process by which the former leads to the latter. Drawing on knowledge-based view (KBV) theory, this study is among the first attempts to unveil the structural process between knowledge-based HRM practices and innovation through knowledge management capacity and intellectual capital. This study theoretically validated the KBV framework in a non-Western context and demonstrate the importance of knowledge-based HRM practices for SMEs innovativeness. The findings do not only provide useful insights for managers and scholars, but also serve as the building block for future research.

中文翻译：

---

中小企业基于知识的人力资源实践与创新

摘要背景与目的：人力资源管理（HRM）文献的最新评论继续将知识管理和知识资本定位为竞争力，生产率和组织绩效的关键决定因素。本文探讨了中小企业中基于知识的人力资源管理实践，知识管理能力，智力资本，产品和流程创新之间的关系。设计/方法/方法：使用简单的随机抽样技术从约旦的250家注册中小型企业收集数据。协方差结构方程模型（CB-SEM）用于测试所提出的研究模型。结果：这些发现为中小企业基于知识的人力资源管理实践对中小企业的知识管理能力，智力资本以及 产品和流程创新。同样，知识管理能力的中小型企业对其知识资本以及产品和流程创新也具有积极影响。智力资本也成为中小企业产品和流程创新的有力预测指标。最后，揭示了知识管理能力和智力资本对中小企业基于知识的人力资源管理实践与产品和流程创新之间的关系的一系列间接影响（中介）。结论：基于知识的人力资源管理实践和创新受到了广泛的研究关注，但对前者导致后者的过程缺乏了解。借鉴基于知识的观点（KBV）理论，这项研究是首次尝试揭示基于知识的人力资源管理实践与通过知识管理能力和知识资本进行创新之间的结构过程。这项研究从理论上验证了非西方背景下的KBV框架，并证明了基于知识的人力资源管理实践对中小企业创新的重要性。这些发现不仅为管理者和学者提供了有用的见解，而且还为将来的研究提供了基础。