This panel is based on two observations: (i) that digital media are designed such that they track and record people’s interactions, behaviour and preferences; they are by design surveillance machines, and (ii) that different perspectives can be taken when observing people’s interactions with digital media; from above (surveillance), from below (sousveillance), or by peers (coveillance). In this commentary, I will advance the idea that as we think about and research the ethical implications of digital media by focusing on their inherent surveillance capacities, we need to be conscious about the conceptual perspective we take. While the title of this panel suggests that perspective is important – whether we are looking from above as a Big Brother or from below or as peers, as Little Sisters – I suggest that perspective is just one among a number of important conceptual constructions that needs consideration. To help guide this dialogue I will present three models of privacy that can advance thinking and research about digital media’s implications for privacy protection. Privacy has historically been conceptualised as freedom from intrusion, protection of the private sphere, the right to be left alone, and other similar notions (Solove 2008). Agre (1994) argued that the typical model for privacy has been the “surveillance model” (Agre 1994: 105), which has focused on data collection and the use of that data. I will in this commentary propose that a different model of privacy is needed when it comes to big data and digital media, namely a datafication model of informational privacy.

中文翻译：

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三种隐私模式

该小组基于两个观察结果：（i）数字媒体的设计使其可以跟踪和记录人们的互动，行为和喜好；它们是通过设计监视机器来实现的；（ii）在观察人们与数字媒体的互动时可以采取不同的观点；从上方（监视），从下方（监视）或同伴（监视）。在这篇评论中，我将提出一个想法，即在我们思考和研究数字媒体的道德含义时，我们将关注其固有的监视能力，我们需要意识到我们采取的概念性观点。尽管该小组的标题表明观点很重要–无论我们是从上头看还是“老大哥”，还是从下端还是同行 作为小姐妹-我建议观点只是众多需要考虑的重要概念建构中的一种。为了帮助指导这种对话，我将介绍三种隐私模型，这些模型可以促进人们对数字媒体对隐私保护的影响进行思考和研究。从历史上讲，隐私被定义为不受侵扰，保护私人领域，独处的权利以及其他类似概念（Solove 2008）。Agre（1994）认为，隐私的典型模型是“监视模型”（Agre 1994：105），该模型侧重于数据收集和数据的使用。在这篇评论中，我将提出在涉及大数据和数字媒体时需要不同的隐私模型，即信息隐私的数据传播模型。