Microorganisms are important in tobacco aging. These are used to improve the quality of tobacco leaves after threshing and redrying. However, the response of microbial community to the storage environment and time during the tobacco aging process has been less explored. This study aimed to characterize the dynamic changes in microbial community composition and diversity in tobacco leaf samples. In this study, 16S and ITS rRNA gene amplicon sequencing techniques were used to characterize the composition, diversity, and co-occurrence of the microbial community in tobacco leaves stored in two different cities during the 24-month aging. Furthermore, the activities of several enzymes were measured spectrophotometrically, and the correlation between the microbiota and enzyme activity was analyzed by network analysis. Shannon diversity and Chao richness of bacterial communities gradually increased during the first 18 months, whereas those of the fungal community decreased. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased, whereas that of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased. The proportion of Ascomycota gradually increased during the first 18 months and then rapidly decreased, whereas the proportion of Basidiomycota exhibited a completely opposite pattern. The change in the composition of bacterial community and dominant genera in leaves was not significant between Guiyang city and Maotai city storerooms, but that in the fungal community was significant. The network analysis revealed that fungal networks were more complex and compact than bacterial networks, and a strong negative correlation existed between bacteria and fungi. Moreover, the bacterial microbiome showed a strong positive association with amylase activity, while the fungal microbiome positively correlated with cellulase activity. This study demonstrated a significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the composition of the microbial community during tobacco aging and highlighted the possible influence of the interactions and enzyme activity on microbial diversity and composition. The findings provided a scientific basis for using microorganisms to regulate and control tobacco aging.

中文翻译：

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24个月老化过程中烟叶中微生物群落的动态特征和共现模式

微生物在烟草老化中很重要。这些用于提高脱粒和复烤后烟叶的质量。然而，在烟草老化过程中，微生物群落对储存环境和时间的反应已被探索较少。这项研究旨在表征烟叶样品中微生物群落组成和多样性的动态变化。在这项研究中，使用16S和ITS rRNA基因扩增子测序技术来表征在24个月老化期间存储在两个不同城市中的烟叶中微生物群落的组成，多样性和共现性。此外，分光光度法测定了几种酶的活性，并通过网络分析法分析了微生物群与酶活性之间的相关性。在最初的18个月中，细菌群落的Shannon多样性和Chao丰富度逐渐增加，而真菌群落的逐渐减少。变形杆菌的相对丰度降低，而放线菌和拟杆菌的相对丰度增加。在最初的18个月中，子囊菌的比例逐渐增加，然后迅速下降，而担子菌菌的比例则呈现出完全相反的模式。贵阳市和茅台市库房叶片中细菌群落和优势属的组成变化不显着，而真菌群落中的显着。网络分析表明，真菌网络比细菌网络更复杂，更紧凑，细菌与真菌之间存在很强的负相关性。此外，细菌微生物组与淀粉酶活性呈强正相关，而真菌微生物组与纤维素酶活性呈正相关。这项研究表明，在烟草老化过程中，微生物群落组成存在显着的时空异质性，并强调了相互作用和酶活性对微生物多样性和组成的可能影响。这些发现为利用微生物调节和控制烟草老化提供了科学依据。这项研究表明，在烟草老化过程中，微生物群落组成存在显着的时空异质性，并强调了相互作用和酶活性对微生物多样性和组成的可能影响。这些发现为利用微生物调节和控制烟草老化提供了科学依据。这项研究表明，在烟草老化过程中，微生物群落组成存在显着的时空异质性，并强调了相互作用和酶活性对微生物多样性和组成的可能影响。这些发现为利用微生物调节和控制烟草老化提供了科学依据。