In electron diffractive imaging, the phase image of a sample is reconstructed from its diffraction intensity through iterative calculations. The principle of this method is based on the Fourier transform relation between the real-space wave field transmitted by the sample and its Fraunhofer diffraction wave field. Since Gerchberg's experimental work in 1972, various advancements have been achieved, which have substantially improved the quality of the reconstructed phase images and extended the applicable range of the method. In this review article, the principle of diffractive imaging, various experimental processes using electron beams, and application to specific samples are explained in detail.

中文翻译：

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电子衍射成像波场重建和相位成像

在电子衍射成像中，样品的相位图像是通过迭代计算从其衍射强度重建的。该方法的原理是基于样品传输的实空间波场与其夫琅禾费衍射波场之间的傅里叶变换关系。自 1972 年 Gerchberg 的实验工作以来，取得了各种进展，大大提高了重建相位图像的质量，扩展了该方法的适用范围。在这篇综述文章中，详细解释了衍射成像的原理、使用电子束的各种实验过程以及对特定样品的应用。