The integration of mobile genetic elements into their host chromosome influences the immediate fate of cellular organisms and gradually shapes their evolution. Site-specific recombinases catalyzing this integration have been extensively characterized both in bacteria and eukarya. More recently, a number of reports provided the in-depth characterization of archaeal tyrosine recombinases and highlighted new particular features not observed in the other two domains. In addition to being active in extreme environments, archaeal integrases catalyze reactions beyond site-specific recombination. Some of these integrases can catalyze low-sequence specificity recombination reactions with the same outcome as homologous recombination events generating deep rearrangements of their host genome. A large proportion of archaeal integrases are termed suicidal due to the presence of a specific recombination target within their own gene. The paradoxical maintenance of integrases that disrupt their gene upon integration implies novel mechanisms for their evolution. In this review, we assess the diversity of the archaeal tyrosine recombinases using a phylogenomic analysis based on an exhaustive similarity network. We outline the biochemical, ecological and evolutionary properties of these enzymes in the context of the families we identified and emphasize similarities and differences between archaeal recombinases and their bacterial and eukaryal counterparts.

中文翻译：

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古细菌酪氨酸重组酶


移动遗传元件整合到宿主染色体中会影响细胞生物的直接命运，并逐渐塑造它们的进化。催化这种整合的位点特异性重组酶已在细菌和真核生物中得到广泛表征。最近，许多报告提供了古菌酪氨酸重组酶的深入表征，并强调了在其他两个领域中未观察到的新特征。除了在极端环境中活跃之外，古细菌整合酶还催化位点特异性重组以外的反应。其中一些整合酶可以催化低序列特异性重组反应，其结果与产生宿主基因组深度重排的同源重组事件相同。由于其自身基因中存在特定的重组靶标，大部分古菌整合酶被称为自杀性整合酶。整合酶的自相矛盾的维持在整合时破坏其基因，这意味着它们的进化有新的机制。在这篇综述中，我们使用基于详尽的相似性网络的系统基因组分析来评估古菌酪氨酸重组酶的多样性。我们在我们确定的家族背景下概述了这些酶的生化、生态和进化特性，并强调了古细菌重组酶与其细菌和真核对应物之间的异同。