Democracy movements in authoritarian regimes usually fail and are repressed, but they may still affect attitudes and norms of participants and bystanders. We exploit several features of a student movement to test for enduring effects of social movements on democratic attitudes. College students were the core of the movement and had wide exposure to the ideas and activities of the movement, as well as the suppression of the movement. College-bound high school students had limited exposure to the movement and its activities. Time of college entry could in theory be manipulated and endogenous, so we also use birthdate as an exogenous instrument for enrollment year. Applying a fuzzy regression discontinuity, we test for the impact of exposure to the movement on long-term attitudes. We find significant attitudinal differences between those in college during the movement, and those who started college post-movement. These results are strongest for alumni of the four universities that were most connected to the movement.

中文翻译：

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社会运动和镇压对民主态度的长期影响

威权政权中的民主运动通常会失败并受到压制，但它们仍可能影响参与者和旁观者的态度和规范。我们利用学生运动的几个特征来测试社会运动对民主态度的持久影响。大学生是运动的核心，广泛接触运动的思想和活动，以及对运动的压制。上大学的高中生对这场运动及其活动的接触有限。大学入学时间理论上可以被操纵和内生，因此我们也使用出生日期作为入学年份的外生工具。应用模糊回归不连续性，我们测试暴露于运动对长期态度的影响。我们发现运动期间上大学的人与运动后开始上大学的人之间存在显着的态度差异。这些结果对于与该运动最相关的四所大学的校友来说是最强的。