During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries put in place social interventions, restricting the mobility of citizens, to slow the spread of the epidemic. Italy, the first European country severely impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak, applied a sequence of progressive restrictions to reduce human mobility from the end of February to mid-March 2020. Here, we analysed the seismic signatures of these lockdown measures in densely populated eastern Sicily, characterized by the presence of a permanent seismic network used for earthquake and volcanic monitoring. We emphasize how the anthropogenic seismic noise decrease is visible even at stations located in remote areas (Etna and Aeolian Islands) and that the amount of this reduction (reaching ∼ 50 %–60 %), its temporal pattern and spectral content are strongly station-dependent. Concerning the latter, we showed that on average the frequencies above 10 Hz are the most influenced by the anthropogenic seismic noise. We found similarities between the temporal patterns of anthropogenic seismic noise and human mobility, as quantified by the mobile-phone-derived data shared by Google, Facebook and Apple, as well as by ship traffic data. These results further confirm how seismic data, routinely acquired worldwide for seismic and volcanic surveillance, can be used to monitor human mobility too.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19锁定措施的地震证据：以西西里岛东部（意大利）为例

在COVID-19大流行期间，大多数国家采取了社会干预措施，限制了公民的流动性，以减缓该流行病的传播。意大利是第一个受到COVID-19疫情严重影响的欧洲国家，从2月底到2020年3月中旬，实施了一系列渐进式限制措施，以减少人员流动。在这里，我们分析了这些人口密集地区的锁定措施的地震信号西西里东部，其特征是存在用于地震和火山监测的永久地震网络。我们强调即使在偏远地区（埃特纳火山和风神群岛）的观测站，人为地震噪声的减少也是可见的，减少的程度（达到〜 50％–60％），其时间模式和频谱含量与电台密切相关。关于后者，我们表明，平均而言，高于10 Hz的频率受人为地震噪声的影响最大。我们发现了人为地震噪声的时间模式和人类活动之间的相似性，这可以通过Google，Facebook和Apple共享的移动电话数据以及船舶交通数据来量化。这些结果进一步证实了世界范围内常规用于地震和火山监测的地震数据也可以用于监测人类活动。